| Abstract | Predškolsko razdoblje je najvažnije razdoblje u djetetovom životu i obilježeno je ubrzanim rastom i razvojem. Rast je jedno od najvažnijih obilježja djeteta. Rast nije samo jednostavan kvantitativan proces povećanja dimenzija tijela nego obuhvaća i kvalitativne promjene strukture, funkcije i reaktivnosti pojedinih tkiva i organa, obuhvaća promjene psihičkih svojstava djeteta te djetetovo prilagođavanje socijalnim i kulturnim uvjetima okoline u kojoj živi. Zbog prethodno navedenih obilježja možemo reći da je rast složeno zbivanje. S druge strane, kada govorimo o razvoju mislimo na kvalitativne promjene, diferenciranje i sazrijevanje biokemijskog sastava, strukture i funkcije, reaktivnosti i prilagodbe pojedinih tkiva, organa i funkcija organizma od začetka do kraja razvojne dobi.
Glavni cilj ovoga rada je navesti karakteristike rasta i razvoja djeteta predškolske dobi. Tu uključujemo faktore rasta, opće krivulje rasta, rast glave, razvoj zubi, razlike u rastu pojedinih organa i tkiva. Također u radu saznajemo koji je utjecaj hormona na rast i razvoj. U radu se navode karakteristike za pojedina razvojna razdoblja odnosno opisuje njihov motorički razvoj, spoznajni razvoj, razvoj govora, socijalni i emocionalni razvoj. Opisuje se procjena zrelosti - koštana dob, kako izračunati tjelesnu površinu te koja je predviđena krajnje dosegnuta tjelesna visina. U radu se navode i opisuju uzroci zaostalog rasta te isto tako uzroci zbog kojih se javlja visoki rast kod djeteta. Kako bi se dijete normalno razvijalo, izrazito veliku važnost ima djetetova prehrana pa s toga u radu navodim koji su važni sastojci djetetove prehrane te kakva mora biti djetetova prehrana u određenoj dobi. |
| Abstract (english) | Preschool period is the most important period in the child's life and is characterized by accelerated growth and development. Growth is one of the most important features of a child. Growth is not only a simple quantitative process of increasing body dimensions but also qualitative changes in the structure, function and reactivity of individual tissues and organs, including changes in the psychological properties of the child and adaptation of the child to the social and cultural conditions in which it lives. Because of the abovementioned features, we can say that growth is complex. On the other hand, when talking about development, we mean qualitative changes, differentiation and maturation of the biochemical composition, structure and function, reactivity and adaptation of individual tissues, organs and functions of the organism from the beginning to the end of developmental age.
The main purpose of this paper is to provide information on the characteristics of growth and development of the child of preschool age. There are included growth factors, general growth curve, head growth, tooth development, differences in the growth of individual organs and tissues. Also, in the paper we find out what the influence of hormones on growth and development is. The paper describes characteristics for each development period, describing their motor development, cognitive development, speech development, social and emotional development. It describes the evaluation of maturity - bone age, how to calculate the body surface and which is the predetermined maximum body height. The paper mentions and describes the causes of residual growth which also causes high growth in the child. In order for the child to develop normally, extremely high importance is set on child’s diet and thus in the paper I suggest which ingredients of child’s diet are important and what it must look like at a certain age |
