Title Prikaz ljudskog lika u ranoj i predškolskoj dobi Author Antonia Marković Mentor Svetlana Novaković (mentor)Committee member Svetlana Novaković (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Stjepko Rupčić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Jelena Blašković (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2019-07-10, Croatia Scientific / art field, FIELD OF ART Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Likovne aktivnosti za djecu predstavljaju veliki užitak te kroz njih uživaju u likovnim igrama. Crtež je pokazatelj djetetova cjelovitog napretka i razvoja u kognitivnom, motoričkom i emocionalnom smislu. Još u ranom djetinjstvu dijete poseže za olovkom te kratkotrajno uživa u prvim šarama koje stvara, odnosno u manipulaciji nad sredstvom kojim izvodi radnju. Prvi prikazi ljudske figure u dječjem crtežu javljaju se oko treće godine i proizlaze iz njegovih ranijih šara ili kruga kao prvog organiziranog lika u dječjem crtežu. Kako dijete raste i razvija se tako se obogaćuje i njegov crtež. Dijete opaža sve više elemenata na ljudskom tijelu i licu te ih unosi u svoj crtež. U dobi između četvrte i pete godine svako dijete za prikaz čovjeka stvara svoj „oblikovni tip“ i sve ljude (mamu, tatu, sestru...) nacrtati će na potpuno isti način. U fazi „intelektualnog realizma“ ljudski lik prikazuju sa sve točnijim proporcijama, s više detalja u prikazu pojedinih dijelova tijela, kompleksnije. Javljaju se sve uočljivije razlike u individualnom načinu percipiranja i shvaćanja oblika. Rukopis djece te starosti postaje sve izraženiji, različiti kulturni utjecaji sredine vidljivi su i na dječjim prikazima. Svaki dječji crtež određen je ponekom posebnošću, ali i pravilnostima koje je moguće uočiti u sve djece svijeta. Sva djeca prolaze iste faze od faze šaranja, preko faze primarnih i složenih simbola te postepenim razvojem do intelektualnog i vizualnog realizma. Paralelno s tim fazama razvija se i prikaz ljudske figure od kruga
koji je simbol za čovjeka, preko kruga koji dobiva noge te se kao takav naziva glavonožac do realnog prikaza ljudskog lika. Dječji likovni doživljaj svijeta u predškolskoj i ranoj školskoj dobi, prikazan je na način kako ga ono razumije, a ne kao reprodukcija stvarnosti. Djetetu treba omogućiti samostalno istraživanje okoline i bavljenje likovnošću jer će mu to omogućit da svoje praktično iskustvo predstavlja na različite načine.
Abstract (english) Art activities are a great pleasure for children and they enjoy playing games through them. A drawing is an indicator of a child's overall progress and development in cognitive, motor and emotional sense. Even in early childhood, children reach for a pencil and briefly enjoy the first scribbles they make, i.e. the fact they can manipulate means to perform actions. The first depictions of human figure in children's drawings appear around the third year and result from their earlier scribbles or a circle as a first organized figure in a children's drawing. As a child grows and develops, their drawing gets enriched. A child starts observing more and more elements of the human face and body and uses them in their drawings. Between the fourth and the fifth year, every child will create their own "shape type" of the human body, and they will use it to draw people (mom, dad, sister ...) in exactly the same way. In the "intellectual realism" phase, they will start depicting human figure in more accurate proportions, in a more complex way and using more detail for individual parts of the body. More noticeable differences start occurring in the individuality of perceiving and understanding forms. Children's handwriting becomes more and more pronounced, and the various cultural influences of their surroundings also start to show on their drawings. Each child drawing is determined by it's own uniqueness, but also by the regularities that can be seen in all the children in the world. All children go through the same stages, starting with the scribble stage, through the stage of primary and complex symbols, and gradual development to intellectual and visual realism stage. Parallel with these stages, the depiction of human figure progresses from a circle, through a stick figure to a realistic representation of a human figure. A child's artistic impression of the world in preschool and early school age is depicted through their own understandings, not as a representation of reality. Children should be enabled to explore their surroundings on their own and create art, as it will enable them to represent their practical experiences in different ways.
Keywords
prikaz ljudskog lika
razvoj
dijete
likovno stvaralaštvo
Keywords (english)
human figure
development
child
visual art
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:313138 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution Terms of use Created on 2019-09-05 07:46:50
