Title Važnost poticanja samostalnosti kod djece Title (english) The Importance of Awakening Children Independence Author Martina Pernar Mentor Predrag Zarevski (mentor)Committee member Renata Miljević-Riđički (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Predrag Zarevski (član povjerenstva)Committee member Diana Olčar (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2019-09-10, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Cilj rada je prikazati pozitivne strane i vaţnost poticanja samostalnosti kod djece od najranije dobi. Djeca se raĎaju sa velikom količinom neurona koji čekaju programiranje u sinaptičke mreţe. Rastom broja veza, vjeţbanjem i učenjem, raste i sam mozak te dijete postaje kompetentnije u tim naučenim područjima. Vaţno je da si odrasli koji skrbe o djeci osvijeste da je djelovanje djeteta uzrokovano njihovom ţeljom da zadovolje svoje biološke i psihološke potrebe te da pri tom djelovanju koriste ponašanja koja su im poznata. Prilikom usvajanja prihvatljivih ponašanja fokus djeteta bi se trebao usmjeriti na unutarnje vrijednosti, a ne na vanjska potkrepljenja koja dolaze u obliku nagrada i kazni, jer činjenica je kako je upravo osjećaj uspješnosti u dobro donesenoj odluci ili obavljenom poslu najveća nagrada koju osoba moţe primiti. Kako bi uopće mogli djelovati na dijete odrasli bi trebali biti uključeni u ţivot djece na način da sudjeluju u zajedničkim specifičnim aktivnostima te da upoznaju što dijete cijeni i ţeli. Svaka osoba posjeduje perceptivni sustav koji je sloţen od više razina u kontinuumu od najniţe prema najvišoj te posjeduje svijet kvalitete u kojem se nalaze bliske osobe, stavovi, osjećaji, ţelje i vrijednosti pojedinca. Uloga odraslih je pomoći djeci pronaći pristup njihovim predodţbama iz svijeta kvalitete na svim razinama jer je upravo poznavanje te spoznaje podloga za razvoj vještine samoprocjene koja je vaţna za daljnji razvoj samostalnosti. Ukoliko se kod djece ţeli razviti samostalnost, u odgojnom djelovanju bi se trebalo poticati njihovo kritičko mišljenje, samostalno donošenje sudova u različitim ţivotnim okolnostima te preuzimanje odgovornosti za odlučeno. U procesu odgoja vaţan je takoĎer osjećaj povjerenja iz razloga što on daje djeci slobodu i snagu u istraţivanju novih aktivnosti i stjecanju brojnih novih iskustva u kojima će djeca postupno postati i vještija. TakoĎer u odgojnom djelovanju ne treba zanemariti vaţnost igre kao idealne odgojne metode za poticanje dječjeg istraţivanja, kreativnosti i socijalizacije koja je takoĎer, prema brojnim istraţivanjima, povezana s daljnjim akademskim uspjehom djeteta. Nadalje, poznato je kako dijete osjeća sreću kada je povezano sa bitnim osobama koje ga okruţuju, a njihova emocionalna prilagodba okolini ovisi o njihovoj sposobnosti samoregulacije ponašanja i emocija, što takoĎer doprinosi vaţnosti poticanja samostalnosti od najranije dobi.
Abstract (english) The goal of this paper is to show the importance and positive sides of awakening children's independence since young age. Children are born with a large amount of neurons waiting to be programmed into synaptic connections. By growing the number of connections, using exercises and learning, the brain itself grows and the child becomes more competent in these learned areas. It is important for adults who care for children to become aware that their child's actions are caused by their desire to satisfy their biological and psychological needs and that they use behaviors which are familiar to them. While they are adopting some acceptable behaviors, the focus of the child should be on their intrinsic values and not on the extrinsic validity that comes in forms of rewards and punishments, because, the fact is that feeling successful in a well-made decision or job is the greatest reward a person can receive. Adults should be involved in their children's lives if they want to make influence on them by participating in specific activities and learning what their child appreciates and wants. Each person possesses a perceptual system that is complex from several levels in a continuum from the lowest to the highest, and possesses a world of quality in which are situated attitudes, feelings, desires and values of the individual. The main role of adults is to help children find access to their ideas which are situated in their world of quality at all levels, because having that knowledge is the basis for developing a self-assessment skill which is important for the further development of independence. To develop children's autonomy, their critical thinking, independent decision-making and taking responsibility for made decisions should be encouraged in educational activities. The sense of confidence is also very important in the upbringing process because it gives children freedom and strength to explore new activities and gain numerous experiences in which they will gradually become more skilled. Also, the importance of play as an educational method for stimulating children's research, creativity and socialization should not be neglected. It is also, according to numerous studies, related to further academic success of children. Furthermore, children are known to be happy when they feel connected with important people who surround them and their emotional adaptation to their environment depends on their ability to self-regulate behaviors and emotions, which also contributes to the importance of awakening independence from an early age.
Keywords
samostalnost
samoprocjena
odgovornost
igra
individualnost
Keywords (english)
independence
self-esteem
responsibility
play
individuality
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:590825 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-10-06 08:55:58
