Title Razvoj dječjeg crteža kroz faze dječjeg likovnog stvaralaštva Title (english) Children's drawing development through children's artistic creation stages Author Patricia Klapač Mentor Marijana Županić Benić (mentor)Committee member Antonija Balić-Šimrak (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Morana Varović Čekolj (član povjerenstva) Committee member Marijana Županić Benić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2022-07-04, Croatia Scientific / art field, FIELD OF ART Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Likovni izraz djeteta jedinstven je odraz njegova mišljenja, odnosa s okolinom, njegovih interesa i osobnosti, zbog toga je dječje likovno izražavanje područje interesa mnogih autora. Brojni su autori proučavali razvoj likovnog izražavanja kod djece, stoga postoje različite podjele. Većina podjela sadrži osnovni Liquetov model, a u ovom je radu korištena podjela autora Grgurić i Jakubin (1996). Razvoj likovnog izražavanja opisan je kroz četiri faze te se navode karakteristike dječjeg crteža u pojedinoj fazi. Faze se međusobno nadopunjuju te se nijedna ne preskače, sva djeca prolaze kroz faze dječjeg likovnog izražavanja samo različitim tempom. Prva faza je faza izražavanja primarnim simbolima, koja se još naziva fazom šaranja. Faza primarnih simbola ima nekoliko razdoblja te se crteži dvogodišnjaka, trogodišnjaka i četverogodišnjaka razlikuju. U fazi izražavanja složenim simbolima dijete počinje koristiti simbole, a najveća promjena u tom razdoblju događa se u prikazu ljudskog lika na crtežu. Za fazu intelektualnog realizma karakteristična je pojava različitih osobina dječjeg likovnog izražavanja, dok u fazi vizualnog realizma dijete počinje crtati poput odraslih te propada pravi dječji crtež. Osim faza dječjeg likovnog izražavanja, u ovom se radu navode postupci kojima odgojitelj može poticati dječje likovno izražavanje, kao i postupci koje treba izbjegavati kako se likovni razvoj djeteta ne bi ometao. Također se opisuje kreativnost te načini putem kojih odgojitelj može poticati kreativni proces. Uz kreativnost opisuje se i osjećaj zanesenosti koji se može javiti tijekom likovnog stvaranja djeteta. Na samom kraju, prije zaključka, ovaj rad sadrži analizu dječjih crteža prema karakteristikama faza dječjeg likovnog izražavanja. Cilj je rada u teorijskom dijelu opisati razvoj dječjeg crteža kroz faze likovnog izražavanja te nadopuniti teoriju analizom crteža u praktičnom dijelu rada. U praktičnom dijelu provedene su aktivnosti u dječjem vrtiću „Pušlek“, tri različite dobne skupine sudjelovale su u likovnoj aktivnosti s temama: obitelj, autoportret i ples. Tehnika kojom su se koristili bila je olovka.
Abstract (english) Child artistic expression is unique reflection of his opinion, relationship with the environment, his interests and personality, which is why children's artistic expression is an area of interest for many authors. Numerous authors have studied children’s artistic expression development, so there are different classifications. Most of the classifications contain the basic Liquet model. In this paper Grgurić and Jakubin’s (1996) classification was used. Artistic expression development is described through four phases and the children's drawing characteristics in each phase are stated. Phases complement each other, and none of them are skipped, all children go through the children’s artistic expression phases only with different pace. The first phase is expression with primary symbols, which is also called the pattern phase. The primary symbols phase has several periods and the drawings of two-year-olds, three-year-olds and four-year-olds differ. In the expression with complex symbols, child begins to use symbols, and the biggest change in that period occurs in the depiction of a human figure in a drawing. The intellectual realism phase is characterized by the appearance of various features of children's artistic expression, while in the visual realism phase child begins to draw like adults and the real children's drawing fails. In addition to the children's artistic expression phases, this paper lists the procedures which the educator can use to encourage children's artistic expression, as well as procedures that should be avoided so that the child's artistic development is not interfered. It also describes creativity and the ways an educator can encourage the creative process. In addition to creativity, flow activity that can occur during a child's artistic creation is also described. At the very end, before the conclusion, this paper contains an analysis of children's drawings according to the characteristics of children's artistic expression phases. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of children's drawing through the artistic expression stages and to complement the theory with the drawing analysis in the practical part of the paper. Activities for practical part were carried out in preschool “Pušlek”. Three different age groups participated in art activity with themes: family, self-portrait and dance. Technique they used was a pencil.
Keywords
crtež
dijete
likovno izražavanje
Keywords (english)
drawing
child
artistic expression
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:763359 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-07-27 09:12:36
