ADHD kod djece u predškolskoj dobi

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): ADHD in preschool children
• Author: Veronika Markulin
• Mentor: Maša Malenica (mentor)
• Committee member: Maša Malenica (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Pavičić Bošnjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Monika Kukuruzović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-08-31, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Education/Rehabilitation Sciences; Behavioral Disorders

Abstract

ADHD je jedan od najčešćih poremećaja koji se javljaju kod djece i adolescenata. Uzrok nastanka ovog poremećaja još je uvijek nepoznat i nedovoljno istražen, ali se raznim istraživanjima otkrilo koji bi čimbenici možda mogli utjecati na razvoj ovog poremećaja. Glavni simptomi ovog poremećaja koji se javljaju su nepažnja, hiperaktivnost i impulzivnost. To troje su najvidljiviji simptomi ADHD-a i oni se uvijek nekako isprepliću jedno s drugim. Kako bi se ADHD dijagnosticirao, potrebno je da su zadovoljeni uvjeti iz Dijagnostičkog i statističkog priručnika za mentalne poremećaje (DSM-5). Da bi se ADHD dijagnosticirao, simptomi moraju biti prisutni prije sedme godine djetetova života, moraju trajati najmanje šest mjeseci i moraju se pojavljivati u dva različita okruženja, bilo u vrtiću, bilo kod kuće. Dijagnostičkim postupkom se želi prikupiti što veći broj informacija o djetetu iz više različitih izvora. U dijagnosticiranju sudjeluje tim koji se sastoji od pedijatra, neuropedijatra, logopeda, psihologa, a informacije dobivaju od roditelja i odgojitelja. Kada se dijagnoza uspostavi kreće se sa liječenjem. Tretmanom se samo žele ublažiti simptomi i umanjiti specifične teškoće. Prvi korak u liječenju je psihoedukacija, a zatim medikamentozna terapija. Postoje još i ostali oblici liječenja kao primjerice neurofeedback. Kako su tijekom odrastanja djeca s ADHD-om uglavnom neshvaćena, ignoriranje ovog poremećaja nikako nije dobro jer to može imati razarajuće posljedice za dijete. Bitno je da djetetova bliža okolina, posebice roditelji i odgojitelji, prihvate da dijete ima poremećaj, krenu s liječenjem na vrijeme te da budu puni razumijevanja i podrške za dijete kako bi se ono moglo bez problema uklopiti u svakodnevni život.

Abstract (english)

ADHD is one of the most common disorders that occur in children and adolescents. The cause of this disorder is still unknown and insufficiently researched, but various researches revealed which factors could possibly influence the development of this disorder. The main symptoms of this disorder are inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Those three are the most visible symptoms of ADHD and they always somehow intertwine with each other. In order to diagnose ADHD, it is necessary that the conditions from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders are met. In order to be diagnosed ADHD, symptoms must be present before the child is seven years old, they must last at least six months and must appear in two different environments, either in kindergarten or at home. The diagnostic procedure aims to gather as much information as possible about the child from many different sources. A team consisting of pediatricians, neuropediatricians, speech therapists, and psychologists participates in the diagnosis, and they receive information from parents and educators. Once the diagnosis is established, the treatment begins. Treatment is only intended to alleviate symptoms and reduce specific difficulties. The first step in treatment is psychoeducation, followed by drug therapy. There are also other forms of treatment, such as neurofeedback. As children with ADHD are mostly misunderstood while growing up, ignoring this disorder is not good because it can have devastating consequences for the child. It is essential that the child's immediate environment, especially the parents and educators, accept that the child has a disorder, start treatment on time, and be full of understanding and support for the child so that he can fit into everyday life without any problems.

• Keywords: ADHD; poremećaj; dijete; simptomi; dijagnoza; liječenje
• Keywords (english): ADHD; disorder; child; symptoms; diagnosis; treatment
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:117769
• Study programme: Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) odgojitelj/odgojiteljica djece rane i predškolske dobi (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) odgojitelj/odgojiteljica djece rane i predškolske dobi)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-01-09 10:51:10