Utjecaj učitelja na prevenciju posturalnih problema djece

master's thesis

• Title (english): Teachers' influence on the prevention of children's postural problems
• Author: Marina Dočkal
• Mentor: Ivan Prskalo (mentor)
• Committee member: Draženko Tomić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Lorger (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Prskalo (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-02, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Kinesiology; Kinesiological Education

Abstract

Organizam djeteta primarnog obrazovanja nedovoljno je otporan na vanjske utjecaje od organizma odrasloga čovjeka. Mišićno-koštani sustav djeteta te dobi vrlo je osjetljiv na nepovoljne podražaje zbog toga što funkcionalna mišićna snaga zaostaje za stopom rasta kostiju. Najčešći negativni utjecaji na dijete te dobi su: (pre)teška školska torba, nepravilno i dugotrajno sjedenje u školskim klupama, neergonomski oblikovan školski namještaj i nedovoljna tjelesna aktivnost. Takvi negativni utjecaji u kontinuitetu izazivaju štetne posljedice na lokomotorni sustav djeteta te najčešće dolazi do deformacija kralježnice poput skolioze, kifoze, lordoze te spuštenih (ravnih) stopala koje su u velikoj mjeri zastupljene u djece nižih razreda osnovne škole. Bitnu ulogu u rješavanju ovog problema ima učitelj koji treba moći pravovremeno prepoznati problem i adekvatno reagirati na njega.
Provedeno je istraživanje u obliku anketnog upitnika. Ispitano je 170 učitelja i učiteljica na području cijele Republike Hrvatske. Ispitivalo se provođenje preventivnih mjera za posturalne probleme od strane učitelja. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da učitelji aktivno provode različite aktivnosti i vježbe tijekom nastave Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. To uključuje razne vježbe jačanja, istezanja, prirodne oblike kretanja te razne igre koje zamjenjuju dosadašnja korektivna vježbanja, što pozitivno utječe na držanje tijela učenika. Prevencija posturalnih problema provodi se i kroz različite mjere pod drugim nastavnim predmetima kao što su usmena upozorenja o ispravnom sjedenju i držanju, uvođenje kratke obustave rada tijekom školskog sata te poticanje na bavljenje sportskim izvannastavnim aktivnostima od strane učitelja. Provedbom istraživanja ustanovljeno je da učitelji ulažu značajan trud u prevenciju posturalnih problema učenika, ali ističu potrebu za dodatnom edukacijom kako bi još bolje mogli pridonijeti zdravlju svojih učenika.

Abstract (english)

The body of a primary school child is less resistant to external influences compared to the body of an adult. The musculoskeletal system of a child at this age is very sensitive to adverse stimuli because the functional muscle strength lags behind the rate of bone growth. The most common negative influences on children of this age are: (overly) heavy school bags, improper and prolonged sitting in school desks, non-ergonomically designed school furniture, and insufficient physical activity. Such negative influences continuously cause harmful consequences to the child's locomotor system, most often leading to spinal deformities such as scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, and flat (fallen) arches, which are highly prevalent among lower primary school children. The teacher plays an important role in solving this problem, as they need to be able to recognize the problem in a timely manner and respond adequately.
A research was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 170 teachers from across the Republic of Croatia were surveyed. The study examined the implementation of preventive measures for postural problems by teachers. The results show that teachers actively engage in various activities and exercises during Physical Education and Health classes. This includes various strengthening exercises, stretching, natural forms of movement, and various games that replace traditional corrective exercises, which positively impact students' posture. Prevention of postural problems is also implemented through various measures in other subjects, such as verbal reminders about proper sitting and posture, introducing short breaks during class, and encouraging participation in extracurricular sports activities by teachers. The research found that teachers put significant effort into preventing postural problems in students but highlight the need for additional education to further contribute to the health of their students.

• Keywords: postura; učitelj; deformacije; prevencija; istraživanje
• Keywords (english): posture; teacher; deformities; prevention; research
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:701927
• Study programme: Title: Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Programme of Study of Primary Teacher Education and Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Programme of Study for Primary Teacher Education with English and German Language; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primarnog obrazovanja (magistar/magistra primarnog obrazovanja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-11-04 10:13:52