Utjecaj prehrane na alergijske bolesti djece predškolske dobi

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): The impact of nutrition on allergic diseases of preschool children
• Author: Dora Krpan
• Mentor: Maša Malenica (mentor)
• Committee member: Maša Malenica (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Monika Kukuruzović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Adrijana Višnjić-Jevtić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2025-02-10, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Clinical Medical Sciences; Pediatrics
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Pedagogy; Early Childhood and Preschool Pedagogy

Abstract

Prehrana ima ključnu ulogu u razvoju i upravljanju alergijskim bolestima, osobito kod djece. Alergija na hranu predstavlja imunološki odgovor organizma na specifične proteine hrane. Najčešći alergeni uključuju mlijeko, jaja, orašaste plodove, soju, pšenicu, ribu i školjke. Klinička slika alergija na hranu obuhvaća brojne simptome koji mogu biti blagi poput osipa, svrbeža ili može doći do teških reakcija poput anafilaksije, koja može biti opasna po život. Intolerancija na hranu, za razliku od nutritivne alergije, nije povezana s imunološkim sustavom, već nastaje zbog nemogućnosti probavnog sustava da obradi određene komponente hrane. Simptomi koji se mogu javiti su probavne tegobe, nadutost, proljev i bolovi u trbuhu.
Dijagnoza alergija i intolerancije na hranu temelji se na pažljivoj anamnezi, eliminacijskoj dijeti, laboratorijskim testovima, a kod alergija još je potrebno napraviti kožne testove ili mjerenje specifičnih IgE protutijela. Prehrana ima važnu ulogu u razvoju i liječenju nutritivne alergije. Kod alergija, osnovna terapija uključuje eliminaciju alergena iz prehrane, a prema potrebi koriste se antihistaminici ili adrenalin. Temelj dijetoterapije, kod intolerancije na hranu, je prilagodba prehrane kako bi se izbjegli problematični sastojci.
Nutritivne alergije također imaju značajan psihosocijalni utjecaj, osobito kod djece, jer mogu ograničiti društvene aktivnosti i uzrokovati stres kod obitelji. Uzroci alergijskih bolesti uključuju genetske predispozicije, okolišne čimbenike te promjene u prehrambenim navikama. Razumijevanje odnosa prehrane i alergijskih bolesti ključno je za učinkovito liječenje i poboljšanje ukupne kvalitete života bolesnika. Edukacija pacijenata, njihovih obitelji i šire zajednice igraju presudnu ulogu u upravljanju ovim stanjima.

Abstract (english)

Nutrition has a key role in development and managing allergies, particularly in children. Food allergies represent an immune system’s response to specific food proteins. The most common allergens include milk, eggs, nuts, soy, wheat, fish and clamshells. Clinical representation of food allergies includes numerous symptoms that can be mild, such as rash or itching, or severe, like anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening. Food intolerance, unlike nutritional allergies, is not connected to the immune system but occurs due to the digestive system’s inability to process certain food components. Symptoms may include digestive issues, bloating and abdominal pain.
Diagnosis to food allergies and food intolerance is based on detailed medical history, diets and laboratory test, and in case of food allergies it’s necessary to conduct skin testing or measuring specific IgE antibodies. Nutrition has a crucial role in development and treatment of nutritional allergies. In cases of allergies, the primary therapy includes eliminating allergens from the diet, and, if necessary, the use of antihistamines or adrenalines. The foundation of diatery therapy, for food intolerance, is an adapted diet to avoid problematic components.
Food allergies also have a significant psychosocial effect, especially in children, because they can limit social activities and cause stress for families. The causes for allergic diseases include genetic predisposition, environmental factors and changes in dietary habits. Understanding the relationship between allergic diseases and nutrition is essential for effective treatment and improving the overall quality of life for patients. Patient education, along with the education of their families and of the broader community plays a crucial role in managing these conditions.

• Keywords: prehrana; nutritivna alergija; djeca
• Keywords (english): nutrition; food allergies; children
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:331491
• Study programme: Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) odgojitelj/odgojiteljica djece rane i predškolske dobi (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) odgojitelj/odgojiteljica djece rane i predškolske dobi)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2025-04-14 12:27:42