Title Autistični poremećaj: prikaz slučaja Author Paula Josipović Mentor Tajana Ljubin Golub (mentor)Committee member Majda Rijavec (član povjerenstva)Committee member Lana Jurčec (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2018-09-24, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Pojam autizam prvi se put pojavljuje 1911. godine kada ga je opisao Eugen Bleuler. Nakon njega, autizam su opisivali Leo Kanner, Hans Asperger, Lorna Wing i brojni drugi. Kanner i Asperger su navodili kako autistične poremećaje treba smatrati urođenima, tj.nastalima u najranijoj dječjoj dobi. Danas se autistični poremećaj smatra pervazivnim razvojnim poremećajem kojeg obilježavaju ograničen, stereotipan, ponavljajući repertoar interesa i aktivnosti te poteškoće u komunikaciji. Autistični poremećaj također je poznat kao i Kannerov sindrom, no u poremećaje iz spektra autizma ubrajamo i sljedeće: Aspergerov sindrom, atipični autizam, Rettov sindrom te dezintegrativni poremećaj. Također, valja istaknuti i pojam autističnog savanta: on se odnosi na autistične osobe koje posjeduju neke neuobičajene i rijetke sposobnosti. To su na primjer nadarenost za umjetnost (glazbu) ili matematiku (izračunavanje kalendara), sposobnost iznimnog pamćenja. Autizam kao takav ne može se specificirati kao određena bolest ili određeno stanje nego kao autistični spektar na čijem se kontinuumu pojavljuju različiti simptomi i manifestacije određenih ponašanja. Dijagnoza autističnog poremećaja se postavlja na osnovi promatranja djeteta u različitim situacijama i na osnovi anamneze. Točan uzrok autizma još nije poznat, ali navodi se kako nastaje kao posljedica više uzroka. No, znanstvenici i liječnici se slažu u jednome – simptomi poremećaja spektra autizma proizlaze iz pervazivnog oštećenja različitih funkcija neurološkog sustava. Glavni cilj osoba koje rade s djecom ili ljudima s poremećajem iz spektra autizma je poticanje samostalnosti i socijalizacije te normalnog razvoja. Iznimno je važno oslabiti njihovu naklonost stereotipiji, agresivnom ponašanju ili autoagresiji. Kako se poremećaji iz spektra autizma javljaju već u ranoj dobi djeteta, potrebno je odmah reagirati te djeci i roditeljima pružiti svu potrebnu pomoć i podršku.
Abstract (english) The term autism appears for the first time in 1911 when it was described by Eugen Bleuler. After him, autism was described also by Leo Kanner, Hans Asperger, Lorna Wing and others. Kanner and Asperger considered autistic disorders to be innate, i.e. developed in the earliest childhood phase. Today the autistic disorder is considered a pervasive developmental disorder which is characterized by limited, stereotypical, repeated repertoire of interests and activities as well as difficulties in communication. The autistic disorder is also known as Kanner’s syndrome, but among the disorders of the autistic specter there are also Asperger’s syndrome, atypical autism, Rett’s syndrome and the disintegrative disorder. Also, it’s important to mention the term autistic savant: a term describing autistic people with unusual and rare abilities. Those are, for example, talents for arts (music) or mathematics (calculating dates), extraordinary memorizing. Autism, as it is, cannot be described as a specific illness or a specific state but as an autistic specter in which continuum appear different symptoms and manifestations of specific behaviors. A diagnose of an autistic disorder is based on the observation of a child in different situations and on anamnesis. The exact cause of autism is not yet known, but it is believed it develops as a result of more causes. Although, scientists and doctors agree on one thing – the symptoms of a disorder in the specter of autism are caused by pervasive damage of different functions of the neurological system. The main goal of the people who are working with children and people with some disorders in the specter of autism is the encouragement of independence and socialization as well as normal development. It is critical to weaken their affinity to stereotyping, aggressive behavior or self-aggression. As the disorders in the specter of autism appear already in early childhood, it is necessary to react immediately and provide the needed help and support for the children and the parents.
Keywords
Autizam
Autistični poremećaj
Spektar
Manifestacija
Keywords (english)
Autism
Autistic disorder
Specter
Manifestation
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:795909 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2018-12-17 07:44:39
