Title Motorika i razvoj govora u djece predškolske dobi Title (english) Motor skills and speech development in preschool children Author Ana Peršić Mentor Ivan Prskalo (mentor)Mentor Božica Vuić (sumentor)Committee member Ivan Prskalo (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Božica Vuić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Davor Žilić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-09-16, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific / art field, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES Abstract Razvoj djetetova govora i motorike međusobno su povezani te se razvijaju paralelno. Poticanje tog razvoja i razumijevanje djetetovih mogućnosti od velike su važnosti u odgojno-obrazovnoj praksi. „Kvaliteta djetetova života u velikoj mjeri ovisi o njegovoj sposobnosti za komunikaciju. Jezik prožima sve aspekte njegova iskustva, to je značajni dio egzistencije, način povezivanja s drugima, kroz njega izražava sebe i vodi brigu o svojim potrebama” (Apel i Masterson, 2004: 26). Razvoj govora dijeli se na dvije faze, predverbalnu koja uključuje razvoj od rođenja do prve riječi i verbalnu koja kreće od prve smislene riječi do potpune automatizacije govora. Razvoj govora potiče se raznim sredstvima koja uključuju pjesmice, čitanje, različite verbalne medijske sadržaje, igru, okolinu u kojoj se dijete nalazi i govorne uzore. Kod poticanja razvoja govora biraju se tekstovi koji su bliski djetetu, sadrže rimu i ritmičnost, melodičnost i imaju multisenzoričko djelovanje na razvoj govora djeteta jer upravo takvi sadržaji olakšavaju učenje djetetu te ono uči neopterećeno kroz igru. Osnovne motoričke sposobnosti koje se razvijaju u predškolskoj dobi su koordinacija, ravnoteža, opća preciznost, opća snaga, opća izdržljivost, fleksibilnost i brzina reakcije na zvučne i vizualne podražaje. Kvalitetno poticanje motoričkih vještina razvijaju pravilno opterećenje mišićno-ligamentnog sustava odgovornoga za držanje tijela te pravilan rast i razvoj kostiju i pravilno držanje tijela. Fina motorika djeteta izravno je povezana s govorom tj. njihov se razvoj događa paralelno. „Formiranje važnih govornih zona u mozgu ostvaruje se pod utjecajem živčanih impulsa prstiju ruke” (Herljević i Posokhova 2007: 115). Dakle, poticanjem razvoja fine motorike potičemo i razvoj govora. Poznavanje razvojnih faza djeteta uvelike određuje uspješnost u odgojno-obrazovnoj praksi jer o tome ovisi znati pružiti djetetu potrebne poticaje za njegov rast i razvoj.
Abstract (english) The development of the child's speech and motor skills are interconnected and develop in parallel. Encouraging this development and understanding the child's abilities are of great importance in educational practice. „The quality of a child's life largely depends on his ability to communicate. Language permeates all aspects of its experience, it is a significant part of existence, a way of connecting with others, through it children can express themselves and take care of their needs.” (Apel and Masterson, 2004: 26). Speech development is divided into two phases, preverbal, which includes development from birth to the first word, and verbal, which starts from the first meaningful word to complete automatisation of speech. Speech development is encouraged by a variety of means that include poems, reading, media, play, the environment in which the child is born, and speech role models. When encouraging development of speech, we should choose texts that are close to the child, contain rhyme and rhythm, melody and have a multisensory effect on the child's development because such content facilitates the child's learning and he learns unencumbered through play. The basic motor skills that develop in preschool are coordination, balance, general precision, general strength, general endurance, flexibility, and speed of reaction to auditory and visual stimuli. Quality stimulation of motor skills develops the proper load of the musculoskeletal system responsible for posture and the proper growth and development of bones and proper posture. The fine motor skills of the child are directly related to speech, i.e. their development occurs in parallel. „The formation of important speech zones in the brain is realized under the influence of nerve impulses of the fingers” (Herljević and Posokhova 2007: 115). Thus, by encouraging the development of fine motor skills, we also encourage the development of speech. Knowledge of the child's developmental stages largely determines success in educational practice, because it depends on being able to provide the child with the necessary incentives for his growth and development.
Keywords
motorika
govor
fina motorika
poticanje razvoja
razvoj motorike
razvoj govora
Keywords (english)
motor skills
speech
fine motor skills
development stimulation
motor development
speech development
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:941101 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-10-16 09:30:34
