Procjena svrhe i vrijednosti zooloških vrtova

master's thesis

• Title (english): Assessment of the Purpose and Value of Zoological Gardens
• Author: Matej Botić
• Mentor: Marko Ćaleta (mentor)
• Committee member: Lidija Cvikić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Višnja Rajić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Ćaleta (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-06-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Pedagogy

Abstract

Zoološki vrtovi učestali su predmet rasprava vezanih uz prava životinja i ograničavanje slobode istih. Velika većina nas barem jednom je u životu bila u zoološkom vrtu ili nekom drugom objektu koji drži divlje životinje zatvorenima, bez da smo se ikada zapitali koja je zapravo njihova svrha. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi njihovu svrhu i vrijednost u suvremenom društvu.
Razni koncepti prethodili su nastanku današnjih zooloških vrtova, oni se dalje razvijaju prema bio parkovima, koji obuhvaćaju elemente zooloških i botaničkih vrtova te prirodoslovnih muzeja. Povijesni razvoj zooloških parkova tekao je drugačije usporedimo li Sjedinjene Američke Države i Europu, uključujući i Republiku Hrvatsku. Tijekom 19. stoljeća i u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća u zoološkim vrtovima izlagali su se i Europljanima i Amerikancima strani, ''egzotični'' ljudi. Kako su se zoološki vrtovi mijenjali svojim izgledom i sadržajem, tako se mijenjala i njihova namjena. Razvili su se od simbola imućnosti preko zabavnih parkova do današnjih institucija čiji su glavni deklarirani ciljevi konzervacija životinjskih vrsta, znanstvena istraživanja, edukacija i rekreacija ljudi. Njihovi ciljevi i programi dovode se u pitanje kritikama raznih stručnjaka i organizacija, posebice zbog negativnih učinaka koje lov i zatvaranje imaju po mentalno zdravlje životinja, od kojih se ističe poremećaj psihe ponajprije kod inteligentnijih vrsta. Najpoznatiji primjeri brutalnog ophođenja sa životinjama su u cirkusima čije su zabavne točke preuzeli i zoološki vrtovi tijekom protekla dva stoljeća, a danas su se još zadržale u zabavnim morskim parkovima. Zatvaranjem životinja u zoološke parkove oduzima im se mogućnost prirodnog načina života te sloboda kretanja. Kako bi se osigurali bolji životne uvjeti zatvorenim životinjama doneseni su zakonski propisi diljem svijeta, te se za njih zalažu i razne neovisne organizacije.

Abstract (english)

Zoological gardens are often the topic of discussions related to animal rights and the restriction of their liberty. The vast majority of us has been at least once at a zoological garden or some other establishment that houses wild animals, without ever questioning their real purpose. The main aim of this work is to determine their purpose and value in modern society.
Different concepts preceded the emergence of modern day zoological gardens, they continue to evolve into bio parks, which combine elements of zoological and botanical gardens as well as of natural history museums. The zoological parks of the USA and Europe, including Croatia, had different paths in their historical development. Throughout the 19th and in the first half of the 20th century, people unknown and foreign to Europeans and Americans were also exhibited at zoological parks. As the outer appearance and contents of zoological gardens were changing, so was their purpose. They evolved from symbols of imperial wealth, over amusement parks to today's institutions, which declared aims are the conservation of endangered species, scientific research, education and recreation of people. Their aims and programs are being questioned by the critiques of various experts and organizations, especially because of the negative impact of capturing and enclosure on the mental health of animals, resulting in the well-known zoochosis disorder which predominantly affects the more intelligent species. The best known examples of animal brutality come from circuses which entertaining acts were adopted by zoological gardens throughout the 19th and 20th century yet they are still present today in amusement marine parks. By confining them in zoological parks animals are being deprived of a natural way of living and free movement. Law regulations were passed to ensure better living conditions for captive animals and various independent organizations fight for their rights.

• Keywords: zoološki vrt; divlje životinje; konzervacija; edukacija; rekreacija
• Keywords (english): zoological garden; wild animals; conservation; education; recreation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:673763
• Study programme: Title: Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Programme of Study of Primary Teacher Education and Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Programme of Study for Primary Teacher Education with English and German Language; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primarnog obrazovanja (magistar/magistra primarnog obrazovanja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-02-12 13:23:59