Montessori pedagogija i načelo pripremljene okoline u ustanovama za rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje

master's thesis

• Title (english): Montessori pedagogy and the principle of prepared enviroment in early childhood and preschool upbringing and educationa institutions
• Author: Viktorija Bižić
• Mentor: Višnja Rajić (mentor)
• Committee member: Alena Letina (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Canjek Androić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Višnja Rajić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; (Chair of Pedagogy and Didactics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Pedagogy; Early Childhood and Preschool Pedagogy

Abstract

Maria Montessori prva je žena liječnik u Italiji. Svoju karijeru započinje kroz rad s djecom gdje uočava probleme u pedagoškom pristupu. Svojom reformskom pedagogijom mijenja cjelokupni pogled na dijete i temelji pedagogiju na razvojnim zakonima. Kroz rad ističe važnost neposrednog promatranja djece i uvažavanje te međusobno poštivanje kako bi se spoznali životni zakoni. Načinom odgoja želi dati čovjeku mogućnost da se razvije u slobodno biće što podrazumjeva neovisnost, slobodu i samostalnost. Jedino na taj način čovjek se može u potpunosti razviti te steći ljudsko dostojanstvo. M. Montessori dijete gleda kao dostojanstveno biće kojem treba pružiti slobodu i dati priliku za samostalnost i neovisnost. Smatra da se razvoj djeteta odvija kroz nekoliko stupnjeva te da svakom stupnju treba posvetiti veliku pažnju. Da bi odgoj bio potpun, važno je priznavanje i uvažavanje stupnjeva. Također, odgojitelj ne zna što je za dijete dobro stoga mu treba dati mogućnost slobodnog izbora kako bi ono samo moglo odlučiti s obzirom na svoje potrebe i interese. Montessori pedagogija smatra da je za razvoj djeteta neophodna indirektna priprema okoline. Uređenje sobe podrazumjeva prisutnost pribora s kojim se djeca upoznaju u ranijoj dobi, a mogu ih koristiti za učenje kasnije, kada to bude trebalo. Isto tako, soba mora odgovarati djeci po veličini i nuditi sve što je potrebno kako bi se zadovoljile dječje potrebe. Cilj i svrha ovog rada je obuhvatiti teorije, načela i pristupe u radu s djecom prema Montessori pedagogiji, a u središte stavlja načelo pripremljene okoline. Pripremljenom okolinom djecu se potiče na samostalnost i neovisnost kako bi, bez uplitanja odraslih, zadovoljila svoje potrebe

Abstract (english)

Maria Montessori was the first female doctor in Italy. She started her career working with children, and therein noticed considerable issues in pedagogic approach. Her reform pedagogy has completely changed the way how to percieve a child, since she set a child's development as the basic concept. Throughout her work she was emphasising not only the importance of close observation of children and acknowledging their needs, but also the importance of mutual respect, so as to be able to grasp the natural laws of life. Through her education system she aims at enabling people to fully develop as free entities, the prerogatives of which are independence, freedom and autonomy of any individual. This is the only way a person can completely develop and attain one's dignity. M. Montessori percieves the child as a dignified creature who ought to be granted freedom and chance to be independent and autonomous. She opines that child development has several stages, and each of them is to be considered with due attention. For education to become well-rounded, it is crucial to acknowledge and take into account each and every stage. Similarly, the educator cannot decide what the child needs are and therefore should allow the children the option of free choices, so they can decide for themselves what their immediate needs and interests are. Montessori method holds the indirect preparation of the child's environment to be essential. The interior decoration presupposes an easy access to play and work equipment that the children are familiarised with at an early stage, and can use in learning process later on when needed. Likewise, the size of the room must fit children, and supply all that is required in order to meet their needs. The purpose and aim of this paper is to encompass the theories, principles and approaches in working with children following the Montessori method, and therefore the idea of preparing the environment is placed at its centre. By preparing the children's imminent surroundings, their independence and autonomy are encouraged in order that they appropriately satisfy their needs without the adults' further intervention.

• Keywords: Maria Montessori; Montessori pedagogija; načelo pripremljene okoline
• Keywords (english): Maria Montessori; the Montessory method; the principle of the prepared environment
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:550720
• Study programme: Title: Graduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja (magistar/magistra ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-03-04 11:47:38