| Abstract | Knjiga se od pamtivijeka smatra „lijekom za dušu“. Priče su se koristile u obrazovne, odgojne i terapijske svrhe, s naglaskom na oslobađanje i razrješavanje emocija. Razvojem društva, razvija se i potreba za usustavljivanjem biblioterapije, odnosno terapije knjigom. Početkom 20. stoljeća, Samuel Crothers prvi upotrebljava termin biblioterapija koja postaje jedna od najraširenijih metoda za rad s ljudima, suočavanje s problemima i osobni rast i razvoj. Postoje tri osnovne vrste biblioterapije, a to su institucionalna, klinička i razvojna, koju najčešće koriste nastavnici i odgojitelji. Osoba koja provodi biblioterapiju mora imati usvojena određena znanja i vještine, posjedovati vrline poput empatičnosti i osjećajnosti, te se koristiti kvalitetnim i odgovarajućim medijima. Proces biblioterapije odvija se u 4 faze – identifikacija, projekcija, katarza i uvid. Osim književnih vrsta koje se koriste kao mediji u biblioterapiji, mogu se koristiti i filmovi. Filmoterapija je kreativna tehnika korištenja filma u terapijske svrhe. U predškolskom odgoju i obrazovanju često se koriste animirani filmovi koji potiču razgovor i izražavanje misli, emocija i ideja. Proces filmoterapije odvija se u četiri koraka – uočavanje problema, samostalno predlaganje rješenja, gledanje filma, analiza filma i stvaralaštvo. Prije gledanja filma, djecu je potrebno uvesti u temu različitim predaktivnostima i razgovorom o temi filma. Poslije filma važno je napraviti emocionalnu stanku i zatim dopustiti djeci da izraze osjećaje, doživljaje i misli koje je film izazvao u njima. Nakon izražavanja doživljaja, slijedi niz stvaralačkih i zabavnih aktivnosti vezane uz temu filma. U radu su predstavljeni animirani filmovi koji se mogu gledati s djecom predškolske dobi, a detaljno je obrađen i animirani film „Izvrnuto obrnuto“ te njegov potencijal u filmoterapiji s najmlađima. |
| Abstract (english) | From time immemorial, books have been considered “medicine for the soul”. Stories were used for educational purposes, as part of raising children and as therapy, with focus on expressing and resolving emotions. As the society developed, so did the need for establishing bibliotherapy, that is, book therapy. At the beginning of the 20th century, Samuel Crothers was the first to use the term bibliotherapy, which became one of the most widespread methods used in working with people, dealing with problems and personal growth. There are three main types of bibliotherapy: institutional, clinical and developmental, which is most often used by teachers and educators. To conduct bibliotherapy, specific knowledge and skills are required. The person conducting bibliotherapy needs to be emphatic and emotional, and they need to use quality and adequate media. The process of bibliotherapy is done in 4 phases – identification, projection, catharsis and insight. Apart from using literature in bibliotherapy, movies can also be used. Cinema therapy is a creative strategy where movies are used for therapeutic purposes. Animated movies which encourage conversation and the expression of thoughts, emotions and ideas are often used in preschool education. The process of cinema therapy is done in four stages – problem identification, independently proposing solutions, watching the movie, analyzing the movie and creativity. Before watching the movie, children need to be introduced to the topic through various activities and conversations about the topic of the movie. After watching the movie, it is important to take an emotional break and let the children express their emotions and thoughts provoked by the movie. That is followed by a number of creative and fun activities related to the topic of the movie. In this paper, animated movies which can be watched with preschool children are presented, while the animated movie “Inside Out” and its potential in cinema therapy with the youngest are closely analyzed. |
