Title Najčešće virusne infekcije dišnih puteva u djece predškolske dobi Title (english) The most common viral respiratory infections in preschool children Author Ana Vidović Mentor Anita Pavičić Bošnjak (mentor)Committee member Milan Stanojević (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Anita Pavičić Bošnjak (član povjerenstva)Committee member Maša Malenica (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2021-09-14, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Akutne infekcije dišnih puteva jedne su od najčešćih akutnih bolesti u djece svih dobi. Infekcije dišnih puteva mogu uzrokovati virusi, bakterije i mikoplazme. Općenito su infekcije dišnih puteva najčešće uzrokovane virusima. Virusne infekcije dišnih puteva koje se najčešće javljaju kod djece uglavnom su uzrokovane respiratornim sincicijskim virusom, adenovirusima i rinovirusima. Klinički sindromi koji se najčešće javljaju u djece predškolske dobi su: obična prehlada (hunjavica), gripa (influenza), akutna upala srednjeg uha, upala grla (angina), akutni laringitis i upale donjih dišnih puteva (akutni bronhitis, akutni bronhiolitis i upala pluća).
Obična prehlada bez povišene temperature smatra se najblažim oblikom bolesti dok joj je ponekad (simptomatski) gripa vrlo slična iako je u većini slučajeva puno snažnija i uključuje više simptoma koji su puno intenzivniji. Upala grla je također jedna od čestih bolesti dišnog sustava i kod djece ju je najlakše prepoznati po tome što odbijaju hranu zbog bolova u ždrijelu. Akutna upala srednjeg uha često se javlja kao posljedica upale gornjih dišnih puteva, a od upala donjih dišnih puteva najčešće se kod djece predškolske dobi javljaju akutni bronhitis, akutni bronhiolitis i upala pluća. S obzirom na aktualnu epidemiološku situaciju u svijetu, u ovome radu govori se i o virusu SARS-CoV-2 koji je jedan od uzročnika bolesti dišnih puteva kod djece. Njegov glavni način prijenosa je kapljičnim putem, vrlo je zarazan te u djece češće uzrokuje simptome infekcije gornjeg nego donjeg dišnog sustava.
Prilikom nastanka simptoma i bolesti uzrokovanih bilo kojim virusom jako je bitna virološka dijagnostika radi primjene specifičnih mjera u smislu prevencije i liječenja. Najbolji načini prevencije i smanjenja učestalosti pobola je pomaganje organizmu u kontroli infekcije. Važna je edukacija djece, roditelja i odgojitelja u svrhu prevencije i smanjenja širenja već razvijenih bolesti dišnih puteva.
Abstract (english) Acute respiratory infections are one of the most common acute diseases associated with children of all ages. Respiratory infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria and mycoplasmas. In general, respiratory infections are most commonly caused by viruses. Respiratory viral infections that most commonly occur in children are mainly caused by respiratory syncytial viruses, adenoviruses, and rhinoviruses. The most common clinical syndromes found in preschool children are: common cold, influenza, acute otitis media, sore throat (angina), acute laryngitis, and lower respiratory tract inflammatory diseases (acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis and pneumonia).
The common cold without fever is considered to be the mildest of respiratory diseases. Quite similar (symptomatically) to the common cold is the flu, even though the flu is - in most cases - much stronger and involves a greater number of more intense symptoms. Sore throat is another common respiratory disease. The easiest way to identify that children are affected by sore throat is when they refuse to eat due to a painful pharynx. Acute otitis media often occurs as a result of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Inflammation of the lower respiratory tract most often causes acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis and pneumonia to occur in preschool children. Given the current epidemiological situation in the world, this paper also dicusses the role of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is one of the causes of respiratory diseases among children. SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by droplets. It is highly contagious and, among children, it most often causes symptoms of infection of the upper lower respiratory system.
In order to apply specific measures with the aim of prevention and treatment, a virological diagnosis is very important when symptoms and diseases caused by any of the viruses occur. The best way to prevent and reduce the incidence of a disease is by helping the body control the infection. It is important to educate children, parents and caretakers so as to prevent and reduce the spread of the already developed respiratory diseases.
Keywords
akutna upala
dišni putevi
predškolsko dijete
virusne infekcije
Keywords (english)
acute inflammation
preschool child
respiratory tract
viral infections
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:229749 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-05-27 07:35:24
