Title Uloga odgojitelja u odgoju i obrazovanju djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma Title (english) The role of preschool teachers in early childhood education of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Author Mateja Batur Mentor Dejana Bouillet (mentor)Committee member Vlatka Domović (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Monika Pažur (član povjerenstva)Committee member Dejana Bouillet (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2021-09-17, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract U današnje vrijeme mnoga djeca pokazuju različite oblike teškoća u komunikaciji i socijalnoj interakciji s vršnjacima i odraslim osobama u njihovu okruženju. U pojedinim slučajevima njihovo ponašanje se može pripisati sindromu koji se naziva poremećaj iz spektra autizma (engl. Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD). Poremećaji iz spektra autizma - PSA su pervazivni razvojni poremećaji koji počinju u djetinjstvu, javljaju se već u prve tri godine života te zahvaćaju gotovo sve psihičke funkcije i traju cijeli život. Osnovni su simptomi PSA nedostatak emocionalnih odgovora prema ljudima i stvarima (nedostatak socijalne interakcije), nedostatak verbalne i neverbalne komunikacije, osobito poremećaj u razvoju govora, bizarnosti u ponašanju i stereotipije. Rano prepoznavanje znakova ovog sindroma važno je svim stručnjacima koji rade s djecom kako bi što bolje razumjeli uzroke djetetovog ponašanja te kako bi se djeci s PSA omogućio rast i razvoj u kvalitetnom okruženju koje doprinosi razvoju njihovih socijalnih kompetencija. Budući da u tom procesu važnu ulogu imaju odgojitelji, postavlja se pitanje njihove uspješnosti u prepoznavanju i odgovoru na potrebe te djece. Cilj istraživanja koje je predstavljeno u ovom radu jest provjeriti kako odgojitelji procjenjuju ponašanja djece s obzirom na okolnost manifestiraju li djeca odstupanja u igri i učenju, što su specifični simptomi PSA. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 49 odgojitelja koji su odgovarali na pitanja Upitnika za procjenu etioloških i fenomenoloških aspekata rizika socijalne isključenosti djece rane i predškolske dobi (verzija za odgojitelje). Upitnik je obuhvatio opće podatke o djetetu, karakteristikama ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja, obiteljskim prilikama, ponašajnom, razvojnom i zdravstvenom statusu djeteta. Odgojitelji su procijenili igru i učenje 499 djece u dobi od 3 do 7,5 godina, od kojih je 51,1% dječaka i 48,8% djevojčica. Djeca su pohađala ukupno 10 dječjih vrtića iz 10 hrvatskih županija. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da djeca koja manifestiraju odstupanja u igri i učenju u usporedbi s djecom koja takva odstupanja ne manifestiraju češće imaju teškoća u ostvarivanju socijalnih kontakata u programima ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja, što se ogleda u iskazivanju osjećaja, odnosima s vršnjacima i odraslim osobama, ali i u sudjelovanju u kurikularnim aktivnostima. Radi se o ponašanjima koja su u neposrednoj vezi s PSA, ali su ujedno iznimno podložna odgojno-obrazovnim utjecajima. Budući da djeca ponašanja u pravilu manifestiraju razmjerno rijetko (jednom mjesečno ili nekoliko puta mjesečno), osnovano je pretpostaviti da odgojitelji uspješno vode njihov odgojno-obrazovni proces.
Abstract (english) Nowdays, many children show different forms of difficulties in communication and social interaction with peers and adults in their environment. In some cases, their behavior can be attributed to a syndrome called Autism Spectrum Disorder – ASD. Autism Spectrum Disorders – ASD are pervasive developmental disorders that begin in childhood, occur in the first three years of life and affect almost all mental functions and last a lifetime. The main symptoms of ASD are a lack of emotional responses to people and things (lack of social interaction), a lack of verbal and nonverbal communication, especially a disorder in speech development, bizarre behavior and stereotypes. Early recognition of the signs of this syndrome is important for all professionals working with children to better understand the causes of child behavior and to enable children with ASD to grow and develop in a quality environment that contributes to the development of their social competencies. Since preschool teachers play an important role in this process, the question arises of their success in recognizing and responding to the needs of these children. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to examine how preschool teachers assess children’s behaviors with respect to the circumstance of whether children manifest deviations in play and learning, which are specific symptoms of ASD. The study involved 49 preschool teachers who answered the questions of the Questionnaire for assessing the etiological and phenomenological aspects of the risk of social exclusion of children of early and preschool age (preschool teachers). The questionnaire included general information about the child, characteristics of early and preschool education, family circumstances, behavioral, developmental and health status of the child. Preschool teachers assessed the play and learning of 499 children aged 3 to 7.5 years, of whom 51.1% were boys and 48.8% were girls. The children attended a total of 10 kindergartens from 10 Croatian counties. The results of the research show that children who manifest deviations in play and learning compared to children who do not manifest such deviations more often have difficulties in establishing social contacts in early and preschool education programs, which is reflected in feelings, relationships with peers and adults, but also in participating in curricular activities. These are behaviors that are directly related to ASD, but are also extremely susceptible to educational influences. Since children generally behave relatively infrequently (once a month or several times a month), it is reasonable to assume that preschool teachers successfully lead their educational process.
Keywords
poremećaji iz spektra autizma
socijalna isključenost
socijalna komunikacija
socijalna interakcija
Keywords (english)
Autism Spectrum Disorders
social exclusion
social communication
social interaction
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:441256 Study programme Title: Graduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-07-07 11:32:26
