Title Zastupljenost alergija u populaciji djece rane i predškolske dobi na području grada Zagreba Title (english) Presentation of allergies in preschool children population within the are of the city of Zagreb Author Karla Gorup Mentor Maša Malenica (mentor)Committee member Maša Malenica (član povjerenstva)Committee member Anita Pavičić Bošnjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Milan Stanojević (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2021-08-31, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Abstract Učestalost alergijskih poremećaja kod djece značajno se povećala tijekom vremena zbog
promjena u okolišu i načinu života. Alergijske bolesti čine genetski heterogenu skupinu
kroničnih, imunomeditiranih bolesti koje uglavnom uključuju alergijski rinitis, atopijski
dermatitis, alergijski konjunktivitis, alergije na hranu, bronhijalnu astmu, alergije na lijekove,
ugrize insekata i anafilaksiju. Većina alergija su reakcije preosjetljivosti tipa 1 posredovane
IgE-om na uobičajene okolišne i prehrambene antigene. Iako se većina njih ograničava, mogu
negativno utjecati na kvalitetu života, a ponekad postaju i opasne po život. Alergije na hranu
obično se javljaju oko 1. godine života, a na neke namirnice poput mlijeka, jaja, pšenice ili
soje sazrijevanjem probavnog sustava mogu nestati, dok alergije na orašaste plodove, kikiriki,
ribu i školjke mogu ostati tijekom cijelog života. Astma uzrokovana alergijom javlja se
između 1. i 2. godine, a najučestalija alergijska bolest kod djece je atopijski ekcem –
dermatitis. Prethodno navedenu bolest karakteriziraju kronične i relapse svrbežne lezije kože
koje se uglavnom počinju razvijati između 3 i 6 mjeseca starosti i oko 60% djece razvije
ekcematozne lezije u prvoj godini života, a 90% do 5. godine. Cilj ovog rada bio je prikazati
zastupljenosti alergija kod djece rane i predškolske dobi. Istraživanje je provedeno na 100
ispitanika u periodu 13.04.2021.-29.06.2021. godine. Kao instrument istraživanja korišten je
online anketni upitnik sa 14 pitanja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je visoka
zastupljenost alergija kod djece u zagrebačkim vrtićima 58 % djevojčica ima alergiju i 57 %
dječaka, najčešće su djeca alergična na orašaste plodove, mliječne proizvode i jaja, a
pokretači alergijskih reakcija su nutritivni alergeni. Najčešća bolest kod djece je atopijski
ekcem – dermatitis. Istraživanje je pokazalo da odgojitelji smatraju da im nedostaje znanja o
alergijama i da nisu dovoljno kompetentni za reagiranje na krizne situacije uzrokovane
alergijama. Odgojitelji u svom radu preopterećeni su velikim grupama u kojima se nalazi
trideset i više djece i odgojitelji se na kvalitetan način ne mogu baviti svojim poslom niti
uočiti promjene u ponašanju nekog djeteta, jer im za to nedostaje vremena i znanja, a taj
problem nitko ne rješava.
Abstract (english) The incidence of allergic disorders in children has increased significantly over time due to
changes in the environment and lifestyle. Allergic diseases form a genetically heterogeneous
group of chronic immunomediated diseases that mainly include allergic rhinitis, atopic
dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergies, bronchial asthma, drug allergies, insect bites,
and anaphylaxis. Most allergies are IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to
common environmental and food antigens. Although most of them are limited, they can
negatively affect the quality of life and sometimes become life-threatening. Food allergies
usually occur around the age of 1, and some such as milk, eggs, wheat, or soy allergies may
disappear as the digestive system matures, while allergies to nuts, peanuts, fish, and shellfish
can remain throughout life. Allergy-induced asthma occurs between the ages of 1 and 2, and
the most common allergic disease in children is atopic eczema - dermatitis. The latter is
characterized by chronic and relapsed itchy skin lesions that generally begin to develop
between 3 and 6 months of age and about 60% of children develop eczematous lesions in the
first year of life and 90% by the 5th year. The aim of this study was to show the prevalence of
allergies in children of early and preschool age. The research was conducted on 100
respondents in the period 13.04.2021.-29.06.2021. years. An online survey questionnaire with
14 questions was used as a research instrument. The results of the research showed that 58%
of girls have allergies and 57% of boys have a high prevalence of allergies in children in
Zagreb kindergartens, most often children are allergic to nuts, dairy products and eggs, and
the triggers of allergic reactions are nutritional allergens. The most common disease in
children is atopic eczema - dermatitis. Research has shown that educators feel that they lack
knowledge about allergies and are not competent enough to respond to crisis situations cause
by allergies Educators in their work are overloaded with large groups of thirty or more
children and educators can not do their job in a quality way or notice changes in the behavior
of a child, because they lack the time and knowledge, and no one solves this problem.
Keywords
alergije
alergijske bolesti
nutritivni alergeni
djeca rane i predškolske dobi
atopijski ekcem – dermatitis
alergije na orašaste plodove
Keywords (english)
allergies
allergic diseases
nutritional allergens
children of early and preschool age
atopic eczema - dermatitis
allergies to nuts
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:715010 Study programme Title: Graduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-07-15 11:27:25
