Promjena društvenoga položaja žena ulaskom u učiteljsku profesiju na prijelazu 19. u 20. st. u Hrvatskoj

master's thesis

• Title (english): Change in the women's social position by entering the teaching profession at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in Croatia
• Author: Ana Kolar
• Mentor: Andrea Feldman (mentor)
• Committee member: Katica Knezović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Andrea Feldman (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marijana Kardum (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Pedagogy

Abstract

Rad počinje razlaganjem društvenih i obrazovnih prilika u Hrvatskoj na prijelazu iz 9. u 20. stoljeće. Ovo je razdoblje odabrano kao polazište jer je kraj 19. stoljeća za hrvatsko školstvo označio početak modernijeg obrazovanja. Osim toga, u navedenom je razdoblju društveni status žena doživio velik napredak te su one sve više počele sudjelovati u javnom životu. Naime, na prijelazu iz 19. stoljeća u 20. stoljeće hrvatsko je društvo bilo patrijarhalno ustrojeno i još je uvijek uvelike zaostajalo u kulturnom i gospodarskom razvoju za ostatkom Austro-Ugarske Monarhije. Položaj žena bio je nepovoljan, a obrazovne prilike su za njih bile iznimno loše. Školski je sustav provodio „spolnu politiku“ koja je diskriminirala žene unutar obrazovnog sustava i onemogućavala im kvalitetno i ravnopravno obrazovanje. Ona ih je nastojala odgajati u buduće majke, supruge i domaćice u skladu s onim što se smatralo njihovim prirodnim mjestom i karakteristikama. Zbog takvog se nepovoljnog položaja javila želja za unapređenjem ženskog obrazovanja i jačanjem njihovog statusa. S obzirom na to, počele su se donositi razne reforme koje su ženama namjeravale osigurati emancipaciju i bolje obrazovanje. Otvaranje Privremenog ženskog liceja kao prve ženske srednje škole, obavezno školstvo za svu djecu bez obzira na spol, izjednačavanje učiteljskih plaća, osnivanje Hrvatskog pedagoško-književnog zbora, održavanje učiteljskih skupština i osnivanje prvog ženskog časopisa samo su neke od značajnih promjena koje su se dogodile u ovom razdoblju i omogućile barem dijelu žena uzlazak u javnu sferu. Marija Jambrišak, Marija Fabković i Jagoda Truhelka bit će spomenute u ovom radu kao značajne žene koje su svojim pedagoškim radom i iznimnim zalaganjem unaprijedile žensko obrazovanje i predstavljale uzor ženama u borbi za njihovu ravnopravnost. Naposlijetku, spomenut će se ulazak žena u učiteljsku profesiju u kojoj je došlo do naglog rasta broja učiteljica, a društveni se status profesije počeo mijenjati.

Abstract (english)

At the beginning, it is explained what the social and educational conditions were in Croatia at the turn of the 19th century. This period was chosen as a starting point because the end of that century marked the beginning of modern education in Croatia. In addition, the social status of women was experiencing great progress and they were increasingly beginning to participate in public social life. Namely, at the turn of the 19th century into the 20th century, Croatian society was patriarchal and was far behind in cultural and economic development. The social position of women was unfavorable, and educational opportunities were extremely poor. The school system pursued a “gender policy” that discriminated against women within the education system and prevented them from having an equal and quality education. Gender policy sought to raise women into future mothers, wives and housewives in accordance with their natural "feminine" characteristics. Due to such social position, there was a desire to improve women's education and create better opportunities. With this in mind, various reforms were enacted which ensured women’s social emancipation and better education. The opening of the Temporary Women's Lyceum as the first women's high school, compulsory schooling for all children regardless of gender, equalization of teachers 'salaries, the establishment of the Croatian Pedagogical and Literary Association, teachers' assemblies and the first women's magazine are just some of the significant changes that have made progress. Marija Jambrišak, Marija Fabković and Jagoda Truhelka will be mentioned as significant women who, with their pedagogical work and exceptional social commitment, improved women's education and served as a role model for all women in the fight for their equality. In the end, this paper will describe the entry of women into the teaching profession. It is important to mention that in this period the teaching profession experienced feminization. The number of female teachers began to grow, and the social status of the profession began to change.

• Keywords: društveni status žena; Hrvatska; reforme školstva; školstvo; učiteljska profesija
• Keywords (english): Croatia; social status of women; school reforms; education; teaching profession
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:295347
• Study programme: Title: Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Programme of Study of Primary Teacher Education and Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Programme of Study for Primary Teacher Education with English and German Language; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra primarnog obrazovanja (magistar/magistra primarnog obrazovanja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-02-21 08:21:31