| Abstract | Govor je fenomen otkan unutar okvira društvenog života. Zato ne iznenađuje da se samo u društvenom okružju govor može razvijati. Razvoj govora ide ukorak s cjelovitim razvojem djeteta, jer je čovjek cjelina svih svojih sposobnosti i mogućnosti. Najosjetljivije razdoblje razvoja u životu jedne osobe jest rano djetinjstvo, i to do treće godine života. Tada se postavljaju temelji svemu što će kroz život uslijediti (Posokhova, 2008).
Budući da dijete većinu svog ranog djetinjstva provede boraveći u ustanovi ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja, iznimno je bitno odgojiteljevo znanje o fazama dječjega razvoja te njegova namjera da djetetu bude dobar model i uzor za razvoj govora, komunikacije i ponašanja.
Ako su odgojitelju dobro poznate okosnice dječjega govornoga razvoja, moći će ga svjesno pratiti te ispravno poticati, kako bi taj razvoj uredan (Posokhova, 2008). Sam pojam urednog razvoja veoma je širok te je za njegovo poznavanje potrebno poznavati i prihvatljive individualne razlike među djecom. Naime, nije svaka individualna razlika odmah i razvojna poteškoća ili patološka pojava (Posokhova, 2008).
Odgojitelj je, nakon roditelja, najistaknutiji govorni model djetetu. Dijete će govoriti onako kako je čulo govoriti odrasle oko sebe. Sve će odlike odgojiteljeva govora, pa i one negativne (tepanje djeci, preglasan ili pretih govor, prebrz ili prespor govor, nerazumljivo i nejasno govorenje), imati utjecaj na dječji govorni razvoj.
Cilj ovoga rada jest dotaknuti znanstvene tvrdnje o dječjem govorno-jezičnom razvoju, povezati ih s karakteristikama odgojiteljeva govora i glasa te vidjeti kako odgojitelj utječe, i može utjecati, na djetetov govorno-jezični razvoj. Od antičke Grčke, preko psiholingvista i kognitivnih teoretičara, pa sve do danas, mijenjale su se znanstvene teorije o govorno-jezičnom razvoju. Danas je poznato da su i biološki i okolinski čimbenici podjednako važni za dječji govorni razvoj. |
| Abstract (english) | Speech is a phenomenon constructed in a social environment, so it's not odd that its development is possible only in social environment. The development of speech goes alongside the holistic development of a child, because a person is formed by his abilities and possibilities. The most sensitive period of development in a person's life is early childhood, up to the age of three. During that time the foundations are laid for everything that will follow throughout life.
Since the child spends most of his early childhood in a kindergarten, what's extremely important is the preschool teacher's knowledge of the stages of early development and his willingness to be a good role model for the child.
If the preschool teacher knows how the development of speech takes place, he will be able to consciously monitor and encourage it correctly, in order to make sure that it's progressing. The very concept of good development is extensive. In order to understand it, it's necessary to know normal and acceptable individual differences between children. Not every individual difference is immediately a developmental difficulty or a pathological phenomenon.
After the parents, the preschool teacher is the first speaking model for the child. The child will speak the same way he heard adults around him speak. If the teacher doesn't speak standard Croatian language, or if he uses diminutives and so called baby talk too often, if he speaks too loudly or too slowly, incomprehensible and unclear, he can't expect the child to have good speech development.
The aim of this work is to look at some scientific claims about children's speech and voice development, to connect those claims with the characteristics of the teacher's speech and voice, in order to see how the teacher influences, or could influence, the child's speech development. Starting from ancient Greece, through psycholinguists and cognitive theorists until today, scientific theories about speech and voice development have changed. It is known today that both biological and environmental contributors are quite important for a child's speech development. |
