Title Prehrana u djece predškolske dobi Title (english) Nutrition in preschool children Author Lea Perasović Mentor Anita Pavičić Bošnjak (mentor)Committee member Maša Malenica (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Anita Pavičić Bošnjak (član povjerenstva)Committee member Milan Stanojević (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2023-09-06, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific / art field, BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Pravilna prehrana značajno utječe na rast i razvoj u dječjoj dobi. Ona je nužna za djetetov mentalni, emotivni i socijalni razvoj. U tome razdoblju posebno omogućuje organima i cijelom organizmu da dostignu svoj potpuni potencijal. Pravilnom ishranom osiguravamo dovoljan unos količine energetskih, gradivnih, regulacijskih i zaštitnih tvari. Djetetov mozak započinje usvajati informacije već za vrijeme dojenačke dobi. Voda kao važan čimbenik u organizmu aktivno regulira razne kemijske reakcije i održava zalihe krvi, zato je potrebno navikavati djecu na vodu kao glavni izvor tekućine. Količina hrane koju bi dijete trebalo unositi u organizam ovisi o dobi i spolu djeteta, te fizičkoj aktivnosti. Djeca koja su više fizički aktivna bi trebala unositi više hrane bogate hranjivim nutrijentima. Dojenje ima važne prednosti za dijete, ali i za majku. Njime se jača emocionalna povezanost između djeteta i majke. Sa oko šest mjeseci života slijedi razdoblje u kojem se dijete upoznaje s hranom koja nije više isključivo majčino mlijeko. Nakon navršenih osam mjeseci, u djetetovoj prehrani prevladava kruta hrana. Taj prijelaz je nužan kako bi uvidjeli je li dojenče dovoljno razvilo tek za krutom hranom. U tom razdoblju potrebno mu je nuditi što više namirnica koje može sam uzeti u ruku i učiti se samostalnom hranjenju. U narednom razdoblju dijete nakon navršene godine polako postaje neovisno i jelo za njega postaje zabava. Sve se više igra za žlicom za vrijeme hranjenja, što je neizostavan faktor u razvoju. Obroci su raznovrsniji, bogatiji i sve su sličniji jelovniku odraslih. Nakon treće godine djeci su se u ovoj dobi dovoljno dobro razvile motoričke vještine, te se može hraniti bez tuđe pomoći. Prelazi u razdoblje kada mu je rast relativno ujednačen, dosta je aktivno i troši velike količine energije. Važno je da svi djetetovi obroci budu u malim omjerima. Ukoliko je unos hrane veći od preporučenog, moguća je pojava pretilosti, posebno ako djeca uz to nisu dovoljno fizički aktivna. Za roditelje je važno da su upoznati i s potencijalnim poteškoćama u prehrani poput alergija ili anemije. Za bolje zdravlje djeteta potrebno je održavati jak imunološki sustav koji štiti od pojava raznih bolesti. Redovito uvrštavanje, vitamina i minerala u svakodnevnu ishranu pomaže jačanju imuniteta.
Abstract (english) Proper nutrition significantly affects growth and development in childhood. It is necessary for the child's mental, emotional and social development. During this period, it especially enables the organs and the whole organism to reach their full potential. With proper nutrition, we ensure a sufficient intake of energetic, building, regulatory and protective substances. The child's brain begins to acquire information already during infancy. Water, as an important factor in the body, actively regulates various chemical reactions and maintains blood supplies, so it is necessary to accustom children to water as the main source of fluid. The amount of food that a child should consume depends on the age and gender of the child, as well as physical activity. Children who are more physically active should eat more food rich in nutritious nutrients. Breastfeeding has important advantages for the child, but also for the mother. It strengthens the emotional connection between the child and the mother. In the fourth month of a baby's life, there is a period in which he is introduced to food that is no longer exclusively breast milk. After the age of eight months, solid food predominates in the baby's diet. This transition is necessary in order to see if the infant has developed sufficiently only on solid food. During this period, it is necessary to offer him as many foods as possible that he can take in his hands and learn to feed himself. In the following period, after the child reaches the age of one, he slowly becomes independent and eating becomes a pastime for him. Children starts to play with the spoon during feeding, which is an indispensable factor in development. The meals are more varied, richer and similar to the adult menu. After the third year, children at this age have developed their motor skills well enough, and they can feed themselves without the help of others. A child is moving into a period when it is growth is relatively uniform, it is quite active and consumes large amounts of energy. It is important that all the child's meals are in small proportions. If food intake is higher than recommended, obesity may occur, especially if children are not physically active enough. It is important for parents to be aware of potential dietary difficulties such as allergies or anemia. For the better health of the child, it is necessary to maintain a strong immune system that protects against various diseases. Regular inclusion of vitamins and minerals in the daily diet helps to strengthen immunity.
Keywords
prehrana
djeca
predškolska dob
zdravlje
Keywords (english)
diet
children
preschool age
health
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:669772 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2024-01-10 12:53:04
