Title Karakteristike ponašanja djece s ADHD poremećajem u predškolskoj dobi Title (english) Behavioral Characteristics Of Children With ADHD In Preschool Age Author Ivana Košuta Mentor Zlatko Bukvić (mentor)Committee member Goran Lapat (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Tea Pahić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Zlatko Bukvić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2024-09-12, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Deficit pažnje/hiperaktivni poremećaj ili ADHD jedan je od najčešćih razvojnih poremećaja koji se javljaju kod djece i adolescenata. ADHD je neurorazvojni poremećaj kod kojega su prisutne ometajuće razine nepažnje, neorganiziranosti te hiperaktivnosti i impulzivnosti, javlja se u djetinjstvu i izaziva poteškoće koje se mogu prenijeti i u odraslu dob. To je heterogeni poremećaj koji se teško dijagnosticira i teško kontrolira. Podatci o prevalenciji variraju, no na globalnoj se razini prevalencija kreće oko 5%, dok je u Republici Hrvatskoj prevalencija ADHD-a od 3% do 5% kod djece školske dobi. Češće se javlja kod dječaka nego kod djevojčica; ADHD je četiri puta češći kod dječaka. Još uvijek nije potpuno jasan uzrok ADHD-a te postoje različite teorije o uzrocima ovoga poremećaja. ADHD se javlja u tri oblika, a to su dominantno nepažljivi tip ADHD-a, dominantno hiperaktivno-impulzivni tip ADHD-a te kombinirani tip ADHD-a. Dijagnoza se postavlja prema smjernicama Američke psihijatrijske udruge. ADHD se prema smjernicama dijagnosticira djeci kod koje je primjećeno najmanje šest simptoma iz skupine nepažnje i/ili skupine hiperaktivnosti/impulzivnosti, simptomi moraju trajati najmanje šest mjeseci te se javljaju u mjeri u kojoj nije primjereno razvojnom stupnju djeteta i imaju negativan utjecaj na socijalne, akademske ili profesionalne aktivnosti. Dijagnoza se kod osoba starijih od 17 godina postavlja ako se pet simptoma javlja prema već navedenom pravilu. ADHD ima brojne neugodne posljedice na djecu i odrasle; primjerice, djeca sa simptomima ADHD-a imaju smetnje u ponašanju i pažnji koje se pokazuju u različitim sredinama, imaju teškoća u obitelji, njihovo ponašanje često nije usklađeno s društveno prihvatljivim normama ponašanja, a kada krenu u školu, imat će problema jer njihova sposobnost učenja može biti ozbiljno narušena hiperaktivnošću, impulzivnošću i teškoćama s održavanjem pažnje. Odgojitelji predškolske djece imaju važnu ulogu u prepoznavanju simptoma ADHD-a kod djece te doprinose pravovremenom dijagnosticiranju ovoga poremećaja i svojim intervencijama mogu pomoći djetetu, ali i njegovim roditeljima.
Abstract (english) Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is one of the most common developmental disorders that occur in children and adolescents. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by disruptive levels of inattention, disorganization, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It occurs in childhood and causes difficulties that can be transferred into adulthood. It is a heterogeneous disorder that is difficult to diagnose and difficult to control. Prevalence data varies, but globally the prevalence is around 5%, while in the Republic of Croatia the prevalence of ADHD is 3% to 5% among school-age children. It occurs more often in boys than in girls; ADHD is four times more common in boys. The cause of ADHD is still not completely clear, and there are different theories about the causes of this disorder. ADHD occurs in three forms, namely the dominantly inattentive type of ADHD, the dominantly hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD, and the combined type of ADHD. The diagnosis is made according to the guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association. According to the guidelines, ADHD is diagnosed in children with at least six symptoms from the group of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, the symptoms must last for at least six months and occur to an extent that is not appropriate for the child's developmental stage and have a negative impact on social, academic or professional activities. The diagnosis is made in persons older than 17 years if five symptoms appear according to the already mentioned rule. ADHD has numerous unpleasant consequences for children and adults; for example, children with ADHD symptoms have behavioral and attention disorders that show up in different environments, they have difficulties in the family, their behavior is often not aligned with socially acceptable norms of behavior, and when they start school, they will have problems because their ability to learn it can be severely impaired by hyperactivity, impulsivity and difficulty maintaining attention. Educators of preschool children have an important role in recognizing the symptoms of ADHD in children and contribute to the timely diagnosis of this disorder, and with their interventions they can help the child, as well as his parents.
Keywords
djeca predškolske dobi
ADHD poremećaj
ponašanje
odgojitelji
suradnja
Keywords (english)
children of preschool age
ADHD disorder
behavior
educators
cooperation
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:669208 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2024-10-18 09:27:01
