| Abstract | Maria Montessori utemeljila je Montessori pedagogiju koja po iva na promatranju djetetovih potreba, interesa i mogućnosti. Smatrala je da sva djeca imaju jednake potrebe i da trebaju boraviti u okruženju koje će im omogućiti cjelokupni razvoj. Tijekom cijelog svog života isticala je važnost stjecanja ranih iskustva kroz primjerenu okolinu. Montessori pedagogija djetetu omogućuje slobodu kretanja, biranja, ponavljanja i mirovanja. Potiče se slobodan razvoj ličnosti u pripremljenoj okolini koja omogućuje razvijanje svih djetetovih mogućnosti i pruža potporu koja vodi samorazvoju. Didaktički pribor, koji je razvila Maria Montessori, omogućuje djeci samostalno rukovanje, kontrolu ispravnosti te učenje koriste i osjetila.
Sa zbrajanjem i oduzimanjem u Montessori pedagogiji djeca se upoznaju kroz konkretno iskustvo što vodi do kinestetičkog učenja. Preko rada s konkretnim materijalima djeca se kognitivno razvijaju i postaju postupno sposobna za razumijevanje apstraktnih koncepcija - djeca u e kroz vlastiti rad. Brojevne gredice, brojke od brusnog papira, brojke i žetoni, kutije s vretenima i igre pamćenja služe kako bi djeca povezala i upoznala brojeve i brojke, vježbala brojanje i razvijala razumijevanje brojevnog slijeda što pomaže u daljnjem upoznavanju s računskim operacijama zbrajanja i oduzimanja uz vježbe sa zlatnim perlama, kartama dekadskog sustava, pravokutnim pločama za zbrajanje i oduzimanje, kutijama s daščicama, listićima sa zadacima te tablicama zbrajanja i oduzimanja. Montessori odgojitelj mora poznavati pribor i način na koji se ispravno koristi te mora dopustiti djeci samostalnost i slobodu uz spontano biranje materijala.
U ovom radu opisani su Montessori materijali i vježbe koje poti u razvijanje matematičkog koncepta zbrajanja i oduzimanja, logičkog mišljenja, pozornosti, pamćenja, percepcije te fine i grube motorike. |
| Abstract (english) | Maria Montessori founded Montessori pedagogy, which is based on observing the child's needs, interests and possibilities. She believed that all children have the same needs and that they should stay in an environment that will enable them to develop as a whole. Throughout her life, she emphasized the importance of gaining early experiences through an appropriate environment.
Montessori pedagogy allows the child the freedom to move, choose, repeat and rest. The free development of personality in a prepared environment is encouraged, which enables the development of all the child's capabilities and provides support that leads to self-development. The didactic kit, developed by Maria Montessori, allows children to operate independently, control correctness and learn using their senses.
Children are introduced to addition and subtraction in Montessori pedagogy through concrete experience, which leads to kinesthetic learning. Through working with concrete materials, children develop cognitively and gradually become capable of understanding abstract concepts - children learn through their own work. Number beams, sandpaper numbers, numbers and tokens, spindle boxes and memory games are used for children to connect and get to know numbers and numbers, practice counting and develop an understanding of the number sequence which helps in further familiarization with computational operations of addition and subtraction with exercises with exercises with gold beads, decadal system maps, rectangular addition and subtraction plates, boxes with boards, worksheets and addition and subtraction tables. A Montessori educator must know the utensils and how to use them correctly, and must allow children independence and freedom with the spontaneous choice of materials.
This paper describes Montessori materials and exercises that encourage the development of the mathematical concept of addition and subtraction, logical thinking, attention, memory, perception and fine and gross motor skills. |
