Analiza strukturiranih i polustrukturiranih programa za djecu s poremećajima iz spektra autizma

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Analysis Of Structured And Semi-Structured Programs For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
• Author: Sabina Štimac
• Mentor: Zlatko Bukvić (mentor)
• Committee member: Goran Lapat (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tea Pahić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zlatko Bukvić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-23, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Psychology

Abstract

Poremećaji iz spektra autizma, odnosno PSA pripadaju u skupinu neuroloških razvojnih poremećaja koji se očituju na jedinstvenosti i odstupanju od socijalne interakcije, ponašajnih, komunikacijskih, interesnih mogućnosti djeteta, a kasnije i odrasle osobe. Osobe s PSA imaju poteškoće u razumijevanju socijalnih interakcija, a otežane situacije se pojavljuju kod pojedinaca s izraženom neverbalnom komunikacijom i otežanim održavanjem međuljudskih odnosa. Osim poteškoća u iskazivanju vlastitih emocija, osobe imaju poteškoće razumijevanja emocija drugih osoba. Funkcioniranje u skupini je narušeno posjedovanjem restriktivnih interesa i opsesija jednom temom. Često je prisutno repetitivno ponašanje pri čemu osoba neprestano ponavlja određene radnje poput tapkanja, hodanja u krug ili okretanje istog predmeta. Također, moguća je smanjena ili povećana osjetljivost na senzorne podražaje kao što su okusi, dodiri, mirisi, svjetlo ili zvukovi. Iznimna razlika je prisutna i u reakcijama senzorne obrade u rasponu od hiposenzitivnosti do hipersenzitivnosti. Temeljem zakona, moguća je inkluzija djece s PSA u sustav redovnog ranog i predškolskog obrazovanja pri čemu ključnu ulogu imaju odgojitelji. Svakodnevnim radom s djecom nastoji se pravilno pristupiti teškoćama i usmjeriti na interakcije s vršnjacima i učenje vještina korisnih za svakodnevni samostalni i život u zajednici. Cilj završnog rada je prikazati dijagnozu poremećaja iz spektra autizma te opisati korištene strukturiranih i polustrukturiranih programa implementiranih u radu područja rane i predškolske dobi djeteta. Informacije se temelje na pretrazi znanstvenih baza korištenjem metode sustavnog pregleda. Upravo su odgojitelji zaduženi za stvaranje najboljeg okruženja, pomažu pri usvajanju rutina i predvidljivih aktivnosti. Pristup svakom djetetu je individualan i ovisi o zasebnim potrebama djeteta. Primjenom stručnog znanja nastoji se postupati u skladu s maksimalnim interesom djeteta i uspostaviti verbalnu komunikaciju, ali i svladavanje socijalnih vještina potrebnih za interakciju s vršnjacima.

Abstract (english)

Disorders from the spectrum of autism, that is, PSA belong to a group of neurological developmental disorders that are manifested in the uniqueness and deviation from social interaction, behavioral, communication, interest possibilities of the child, and later of the adult. People with PSA have difficulties in understanding social interactions, and difficult situations occur in individuals with pronounced non-verbal communication and difficulties in maintaining interpersonal relationships. In addition to difficulties in expressing their own emotions, people have difficulties understanding the emotions of other people. Group functioning is impaired by having restrictive interests and obsessions with one topic. Repetitive behavior is often present, where the person constantly repeats certain actions such as tapping, walking in circles or turning the same object. Also, reduced or increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as tastes, touches, smells, light or sounds is possible. An exceptional difference is also present in the reactions of sensory processing ranging from hyposensitivity to hypersensitivity. Based on the law, it is possible to include children with PSA in the system of regular early and preschool education, in which educators play a key role. Everyday work with children tries to properly approach difficulties and focus on interactions with peers and learning skills useful for everyday independent and community life. The goal of the final paper is to present the diagnosis of disorders from the autism spectrum and to describe the used structured and semi-structured programs implemented in the field of early and preschool children. The information is based on a search of scientific databases using the systematic review method. It is the teachers who are in charge of creating the best environment, helping to adopt routines and predictable activities. The approach to each child is individual and depends on the individual needs of the child. By applying professional knowledge, one tries to act in accordance with the maximum interest of the child and to establish verbal communication, but also to master the social skills necessary for interaction with peers.

• Keywords: autizam; programi za djecu; uloga odgojitelja
• Keywords (english): autism; programs for children; the role of educators
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:181831
• Study programme: Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) odgojitelj/odgojiteljica djece rane i predškolske dobi (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/ baccalaurea) odgojitelj/odgojiteljica djece rane i predškolske dobi)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-11-22 10:52:05