Title Likovni odgoj u Montessori vrtićima Title (english) Visual Art Education in Montessori Preschool Author Doroteja Skočić Mentor Svetlana Novaković (mentor)Committee member Stjepko Rupčić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Jelena Blašković (član povjerenstva)Committee member Svetlana Novaković (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2019-11-10, Croatia Scientific / art field, FIELD OF ART Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Maria Montesori svoju koncepciju odgoja zasniva na spoznajama o razvojnim fazama dječje osjetljivosti. Zadovoljavanje tih razvojnih faza polazi od dviju pretpostavki, da djeca imaju prirođene snage za samorazvoj i da se prirođene snage aktiviraju ako su djeca okružena povoljnom sredinom (Matijević, 2001). Zadaća Montessori odgojitelja je da osigura odgovarajuću sredinu i materijale koji će poticati samoaktivnost djece. On nije poučavatelj ni predavač već osoba koja daje inicijalne upute te usmjerava i potiče aktivnosti pojedinog djeteta. Svako dijete se razvija svojim tempom i ima određene prirođene unutarnje potrebe koje se pojavljuju u različito vrijeme, zbog toga Maria Montessori zagovara individualizirani odgoj. Materijali i prostor su važan dio samoodgoja djeteta. Oni trebaju dati potporu djetetovu samorazvoju. Svi su materijali u Montessori prostoru uredno složeni, a od svake vrste materijala postoji samo jedan komplet. Dok se jedno dijete koristi nekim materijalom, drugo dijete koje poželi isti materijal treba pričekati. To je važno sredstvo u socijalizaciji jer privikava na uljudnu međuljudsku komunikaciju. Montessori pedagogija polazi od ideje slobode, odnosno slobodnog odgoja. Dijete samo inicira i upravlja aktivnostima kojima se hoće baviti prema svojim potrebama i interesima. Preko slobodnog izbora dijete uči donositi odluke, ono uči što je to kreativnost. Odgojitelj pokazuje djetetu kako da likovne aktivnosti izvede sam. Ono samo bira vrstu likovnog materijala i temu svog rada, dok mu odgojitelj, bez govorenja, pokazuje kako se koristi tim materijalom. Trajanje likovne aktivnosti ovisi o djetetu i zadovoljavanju njegovih potreba.
Abstract (english) Maria Montessori based her basic idea of education on insights of development stages of children's sensitivities. Fulfilment of this development stages is based on two hypothesis, children have inborn forces for self-development and this inborn forces are activated if children are surrounded with suitable environment (Matijević, 2001). Montessori educators have a task to prepare suitable environment and materials that will encourage children's self-activity. They are not a teacher or lecturer, but a person that gives initiative instructions and a person that directs and encourages activites of every single child. Every child develops differently, in its own pace, and every child has its own internal needs which appear in different time. Therefore, Maria Montessori advocates individual education. Materials and environment are very important part of child's self-education. They need to give support for child's self-development. All materials in Montessori environment are neatly arranged and there's only one set of every sort of material. While one child is using some material and some other child is interested in using the same material, it has to wait until the first child is done with the activity. This is very important for child's social development because it teaches children how to be polite while communicating with others. Montessori pedagogy is based on freedom. Therefore, child initiates and manages activities which are result of its needs and interests. While having freedom to choose its own activities, child is learning to make its own decisions, it is learning what creativity is. Educator is showing the children how to do art activities all by themselves. Child chooses what type of art material it wants to use and it chooses a topic of its piece, while educator, without speaking, shows the child how to use this material. Duration of this activity depends on the child and on satisfaction of its needs.
Keywords
odgojitelj
sloboda
samoodgoj
kreativnost
likovni odgoj
Keywords (english)
educator
freedom
self-education
creativity
visual art education
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:786052 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-07-06 10:00:07
