Title Obitelj i razvojne karakteristike djeteta Title (english) Family And Child's Developmental Characteristics Author Emili Hunjadi Mentor Tea Pahić (mentor)Committee member Goran Lapat (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Zlatko Bukvić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Tea Pahić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2024-07-11, Croatia Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Kad govorimo o obitelji, zapravo govorimo o zajednici. Na tu zajednicu mogu utjecati različiti čimbenici. Jedan je od čimbenika socioekonomski status koji obuhvaća bogatstvo i siromaštvo, veličinu obitelji i njeni članovi te osobnost i karakteristike tih članova. Razvoj djeteta ovisi o svemu navedenom. Djeca koju roditelji zlostavljaju imaju teške razvojne posljedice koje se mogu nastaviti i u adolescenciji. Još jedan čimbenik koji može utjecati na razvoj djeteta jest rastava braka roditelja. Rastava među roditeljima može biti mirna, odnosno sporazumna, ili bučna. U oba je slučaja bitno da se roditelji prvenstveno usmjere na to da djetetu, što više mogu, olakšaju to razdoblje. Da bi dijete što bezbolnije podnijelo rastavu roditelja, ključna je komunikacija koja mora biti izravna i prilagođena dobi djeteta. Glavnu ulogu u djetetovom razvoju imaju roditelji. Kako bi se dijete kvalitetno razvijalo, roditelji trebaju biti uključeni u njegov odgoj, postavljati granice i učiti ga odgovornosti, ali i podržavati ga, slušati i vjerovati mu. Osim roditelja, u razvoju djeteta veliku ulogu imaju bake i djedovi, te odgojitelji. O tome kako će dijete reagirati u određenim situacijama i kako će se s njima nositi, uvelike ovisi o tome kojim se odgojnim stilom koriste njegovi roditelji. Razlikujemo četiri vrste odgojnih stilova: autoritativni, autoritarni, permisivni i neuključeni. Najuspješnijim se odgojnim stilom smatra autoritativni, zbog ravnoteže između potpore i poštovanja te postavljanja jasnih granica ponašanja. Odgojne metode također treba prilagoditi i dobi djeteta. Porastom djetetovih godina važno je postupno smanjivati kontrolu i davati djetetu više autonomije kako bi naučilo biti odgovorno. Najveći je izazov za roditelje vrijeme prilagodbe promjenama.
Abstract (english) When we are talking about family, we are essentially talking about community. This community can be shaped by various factors, including socioeconomic status, which can be related to wealth and poverty, the size of the family and its members, and their individual characteristics. Thsese factors play a crucial role in a child's development. Therefore, children abused by their parents often face severe developmental consequences that can persist into adolescence. Another factor that can impact a child's development is their parent's divorce. This can be either peaceful and consensual, or noisy. In both cases, it is important that parents primarily focus on making this period as easy as possible for the child. In order for the child to bear the separation of their parents as painlessly as possible, communication is key – it should be direct and tailored to the child's age. Parents are fundamental in a child's development. In order for the child to develop well, parents actively participate in their upbringing by establishing boundaries and teaching them responsibility, while also providing support, listening and trusting them. Apart from parents, grandparents and educators also wield considerable influence. The way a child will respond to certain situations and handle them will largely depend on the parenting style employed by their parents. We distinguish four types of parenting styles; authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved. The authoritative style is often deemed most effective, as it strikes a balance between nurturing and respect, as well as setting clear behavioral boundaries. Educational methods should also be adjusted according to the child's age. As the child grows older, it is important to gradually reduce control and foster greater autonomy to help them learn responsibility. The most challenging aspect for parents is the time of adaptation to these changes.
Keywords
obitelj
dijete
razvojne karakteristike
stilovi roditeljstva
Keywords (english)
family
child
developmental characteristics
parenting styles
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:023760 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2024-07-12 07:44:21
