Title Alergija na hranu u djece predškolske dobi Title (english) Food allergies in preeschool children Author Marija Gardašanić Mentor Anita Pavičić Bošnjak (mentor)Committee member Anita Pavičić Bošnjak (član povjerenstva)Committee member Maša Malenica (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Milan Stanojević (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2021-09-14, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Alergija na hranu bolest je koja zahvaća milijune ljudi diljem Europe. Češće se javlja kod djece (oko 5-8%), nego kod odraslih (1-3%). U posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća alergija na hranu sve je više zastupljena kod dojenčadi i djece predškolske dobi. Stručnjaci tvrde kako je ishrana majke tijekom trudnoće od izuzetne važnosti za sprječavanje nastanka alergijskih bolesti kod djece. Stoga je bitno da je prehrana raznolika te pravilno uravnotežena, ali i da se tijekom trudnoće ne izbacuju neki od najučestalijih alergena poput kikirikija ili školjki, ukoliko majka nije alergična na iste. Najčešće alergijske reakcije uzrokuju sljedeći alergeni: jaja, mlijeko, riba, kikiriki, soja, školjke, jezgričavo voće i gluten žitarice (pšenica, ječam i raž). Iako postoji nekoliko rizičnih čimbenika, još uvijek nije poznat mehanizam nastanka alergijskih bolesti. Rizični čimbenici mogu biti: izloženost alergenima, nasljedne predispozicije, suvremeni način života i onečišćeni okoliš. Pri dijagnosticiranju alergijskih bolesti uzima se u obzir anamneza (praćenje i učestalost svih simptoma, životne navike, obiteljska anamneza itd.), kožni testovi (prick - test ubodom i patch - test krpicom), mjerenje specifičnih IgE- protutijela i provokacijski testovi. Glavni problem su serološki testovi koji istodobno testiraju čak desetak nutritivnih alergena, te mogu biti lažno pozitivni. Nakon utvrđivanja alergijske bolesti kod djece slijedi postupak liječenja. Jedna od metoda liječenja je eliminacijska dijeta kojom se namirnica potpuno isključuje iz prehrane što može znatno narušiti zdravlje i dugoročno oštetiti djetetov rast i razvoj. Iz tog razloga, eliminacijska se dijeta uvodi tek nakon uspostavljene dijagnoze i uz redoviti nadzor stručnjaka. Za osobe koje pripadaju rizičnoj skupini za nastanak alergijskih bolesti postoje određene vrste prevencije; dojenje 4-6 mjeseci, izbjegavanje alergena i rana imunoterapija, no do sada ove mjere prevencije nisu dale zadovoljavajuće rezultate.
Abstract (english) Food allergy is a disease suffered by millions of people in Europe alone. It is more common in children (around 5-8 %) than it is in the adults (1-3 %). For the past couple of decades food allergy has become more common in the new-borns and children of the preschool age. Experts claim that the nutrition of the mother during the pregnancy is extremely important in prevention of food allergy. Therefore, it is quite important that the nutrition is versatile and equally balanced, but also that the mother does not cut out on the common allergens during the pregnancy (such as peanuts and clams; unless of course the mother herself is allergic to them). Most common allergic reactions are caused by eggs, milk, fish, peanuts, soy, clams, fruit and gluten flakes. Although there are some known risk factors, what causes food allergies still remains unknown. Risk factors can be hereditary predispositions, being exposed to allergens, contemporary lifestyle and polluted environment. Multiple variables are involved in diagnosing allergic diseases such as anamnesis (tracking down symptoms, habits, family history of illnesses etc), skin tests (prick-test and patch-test, measuring specific IgE-antibodies and provocation tests. The main problem is serologic tests that test up to ten nutritive allergens at the same time, which can sometimes make them false positive. After establishing allergic disease in children, the healing treatment begins. One of the methods is elimination diet that completely excludes a certain consumable from nutrition which can severely impact the health and have a long-term negative influence on child’s growth and development. For that reason, elimination diet is introduced only after the diagnosis had been established and along with the regular expert supervision. For individuals that are a part of the higher risk population regarding allergy diseases there are specific types of prevention; breastfeeding from four to six months, avoiding allergens and early immunotherapy. However, so far these measures have not provided us almost any satisfying results.
Keywords
alergija
dijete
alergen
prehrana
Keywords (english)
allergy
child
allergen
nutrition
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:180423 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2022-06-09 09:26:42
