Utjecaj tjelesnih aktivnosti na djecu s teškoćama u razvoju u predškolskoj dobi

master's thesis

• Title (english): The impact of physical activity on children with developmental disabilities in preschool age
• Author: Marija Marojević
• Mentor: Marijana Hraski (mentor)
• Committee member: Marija Lorger (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mateja Kunješić Sušilović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marijana Hraski (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-07, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Kinesiology
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Pedagogy; Specific Pedagogy
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Pedagogy; Early Childhood and Preschool Pedagogy

Abstract

Tjelesno vježbanje i sport omogućuju cjelovit razvoj djeteta. Utječu na aktivaciju lokomotornog sustava koji je presudan za transformaciju energije potrebne za aktivnost svih stanica u organizmu. Vježbanjem osoba stječe zdrave navike za daljnji život. Djeca sudjeluju u raznim oblicima tjelesnih aktivnosti kroz igru ili sport. Bitno je spomenuti ulogu predškolskih ustanova te odgojitelja koji promiču fizičku aktivnost, a samim time djetetov rast i razvoj. Odgojitelj kreira tjelesne aktivnosti kroz strukturu koja se sastoji od uvodnog, pripremnog, glavnog i završnog dijela sata. Cilj rada je istražiti utjecaj tjelesnih aktivnosti na djecu s teškoćama u razvoju, dobrobiti fizičkog kretanja za djecu te istaknuti prilagodbe kojima će djeca s razvojnim teškoćama moći sudjelovati u izvršavanju motoričkih zadataka. Istraživanjem literature otkriveno je mnogo pozitivnih učinaka koje sport i tjelesne aktivnosti imaju na djecu s teškoćama u razvoju. Osim što pokreće dječji organizam, fizičko kretanje povećava snagu mišića, poboljšava koordinaciju i ravnotežu, smanjuje rizik od pretilosti, unaprjeđuje spretnost, fleksibilnost i elastičnost. Djeluje i na psihičkom planu; dijete se osjeća bolje, stvara pozitivnu sliku o sebi, a time postaje prihvaćenije u društvu i stječe više samopoštovanja, što je izuzetno važno. UtvrĊđno je da tjelesna aktivnost djeci s teškoćama ublažava posljedice samog oštećenja jer pozitivno utjeĉč na cjelokupni organizam. Pokazalo se da je prilagodba veoma bitna u provođenju tjelesnih aktivnosti s djecom s razvojnim teškoćama. Od velike je važnosti da odgojitelj djetetu s teškoćama pruži podršku, razumijevanje te mogućnost da bude prihvaćeno od strane ostale djece u skupini, što se postiže prilagodbom opreme, prostora, materijala i načina rada. Ovim putem dijete s teškoćama u razvoju moći će izvoditi motoričke zadatke i sudjelovati u aktivnostima poput ostale djece.

Abstract (english)

Physical exercise and sports enable the complete development of the child. They affect the activation of the locomotor system, which is crucial for the transformation of energy needed for the activity of all cells in the body. By exercising, a person acquires healthy habits for further life. Children participate in various forms of physical activity through play or sports. It is important to mention the role of preschool institutions and preschool teachers who promote physical activity, and thus the child's growth and development. A preschool teacher creates physical activities through a structure consisting of the introductory, preparatory, main and final part of the lesson. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of physical activity on children with disabilities, the benefits of physical movement for children and highlight the adjustments by which children with disabilities will be able to participate in the performance of motor tasks. Research in the literature has revealed many positive effects that sport and physical activity have on children with developmental disabilities. In addition to moving the child's body, physical movement increases muscle strength, improves coordination and balance, reduces the risk of obesity, improves dexterity, flexibility and elasticity. It also works on the psychic plane; the child feels better, creates a positive image of himself, and thus becomes more accepted in society and gains more self-esteem, which is extremely important. It has been established that physical activity in children with disabilities alleviates the consequences of the damage itself because it has a positive effect on the whole organism. Adaptation has been shown to be very important in conducting physical activities with children with developmental disabilities. It is of great importance that a preschool teacher provides the child with disabilities with support, understanding and the opportunity to be accepted by other children in the group, which is achieved by adapting the equipment, space, materials and methods of work. This way, a child with developmental disabilities will be able to perform motor tasks and participate in activities like other children.

• Keywords: dijete; tjelesna aktivnost; sport; teškoće u razvoju; prilagodba
• Keywords (english): child; physical activity; sport; developmental difficulties; adaptation
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:315415
• Study programme: Title: Graduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja (magistar/magistra ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-07-12 09:01:58