Title Crtež kao sredstvo ekspresije emocionalnih stanja kod djece Title (english) Artwork as a means of expressing emotional states in children Author Anja Ferderber Mentor Marijana Županić Benić (mentor)Committee member Antonija Balić (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Morana Varović Čekolj (član povjerenstva) Committee member Marijana Županić Benić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2022-09-29, Croatia Scientific / art field, FIELD OF ART Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Emocije su važan dio cjelokupnog razvoja svakog pojedinca, od samog rođenja na dalje. Dijete od rođenja ulazi u izravnu interakciju sa svojom okolinom u kojoj se nalaze određeni čimbenici, nadasve važni kao modeli koje će dijete kasnije oponašati: majka i otac. Istraživanja su pokazala da dijete stvara nerazdvojivu vezu sa svojim primarnim skrbnikom, u ovom slučaju majkom, čije ekspresije lica neposredno promatra a kasnije i oponaša. Sposobnost eksteriorizacije emocija složen je proces koji se odvija postepeno. Likovno izražavanje kao sredstvo eksteriorizacije emocija pruža svojevrstan kanal kroz koji dijete otpušta unutrašnje stanje i prenosi ga na papir. Dijete dok crta osjeća slobodu i razvija samopouzdanje. Djeca različite dobi prolaze kroz nekoliko razvojnih faza koje treba imati na umu pri procjeni ili analizi dječjeg crteža. K. Machover uvela je projektivnu tehniku na crtežu ljudske figure kojom se procjenjuje struktura i funkcija ličnosti, ali se crtež, kad se pokazala njegova klinička vrijednost, uveo u rutinski postupak i rad s pacijentima svih dobnih skupina. Analiza crteža odvija se postavljanjem određenih nesugestivnih pitanja iz kojih se razvija cijela priča o pacijentovu stanju. Postupno su se razvijale detaljne metode interpretacije crteža pojedinog dijela tijela, a predmet analize su postali veličine figure i njezin položaj na papiru, perspektiva, simetrija, linija, sjenčanje. Razvoj psihoterapijskih smjerova i humaniji pristup utjecali su na to da crtež, uz dijagnostičko sredstvo, postanu i terapijsko sredstvo (Kondić, Dulčić, 2009). Likovno izražavanje djeci omogućuje da izraze osjećaje koje inače teško verbaliziraju, posebno tugu, strah, ljutnju i sreću. Ekspresija emocija pomaže djeci da oslobode nagomilane emocije, umanje osjećaj bespomoćnosti i ovladaju svojim stanjem i okruženjem, čime se smanjuje njihov osjećaj ugroženosti.
Abstract (english) Emotions are an important part of the overall development of everyone, from the very birth onwards. From birth, the child enters direct interaction with his environment in which there are certain factors, above all important as models that the child will later imitate: mother and father. Studies have shown that the child forms an inseparable bond with his primary caregiver, in this case the mother, whose facial expressions he directly observes and later imitates. The ability to outsource emotions is a complex process that takes place gradually. Artwork as a means of externalization of emotions provides a kind of channel through which the child releases the internal state and transfers it to paper. The child while drawing feels freedom and develops self-confidence. Children of different ages go through several developmental stages that should be borne in mind when assessing or analyzing a children's drawing. Karen Machover introduced a projective technique in the drawing of a human figure that evaluates the structure and function of personality, but the drawing, when its clinical value was shown, was introduced into a routine procedure and work with patients of all ages. The analysis of the drawing takes place by asking certain non-suggestive questions from which the whole story of the patient's condition develops. Gradually, detailed methods of interpretation of the drawings of a particular part of the body were developed, and the subject of the analysis became the size of the figure and its position on paper, perspective, symmetry, line, shading. The development of psychotherapeutic directions and a more humane approach influenced the drawing, in addition to the diagnostic agent, to become a therapeutic tool. Artistic expression allows children to express feelings that are otherwise difficult to verbalize, especially sadness, fear, anger, and happiness. The expression of emotions helps children to release accumulated emotions, reduce the feeling of helplessness and master their condition and environment, thereby reducing their sense of vulnerability.
Keywords
Analiza crteža
Art terapija
dijete
emocije
likovno izražavanje
Keywords (english)
Analysis of drawings
Art therapy
child
emotions
art expressions
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:168365 Study programme Title: Graduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2023-02-22 08:04:53
