Važnost sata tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture u ustanovama za rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje

master's thesis

• Title (english): The importance of physical education classes in preschool educational institutions
• Author: Anita Malkoč
• Mentor: Ivan Prskalo (mentor)
• Committee member: Marko Badrić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Lorger (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Prskalo (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Teacher Education; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-03, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Pedagogy; Early Childhood and Preschool Pedagogy
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Kinesiology; Kinesiological Education

Abstract

Stručnjaci koji se obrazuju u području odgoja i obrazovanja nužno trebaju poznavati etape, odnosno faze motoričkog razvoja djece i ljudi općenito. Odgajatelji posebno trebaju usmjeriti pažnju na psihomotorički razvoj djece, koji je u predškolskom razdoblju iznimno promjenjiv i ubrzan. Važno je osmisliti pravilan plan i program kinezioloških aktivnosti prema fizičkim mogućnostima djece, kako bi njihov rast i razvoj bio optimalan. Petrić (2019) piše da razvoj motorike ukazuje da dijete prije počinje kontrolirati dijelove tijela bliže kralježnici, a kasnije i one udaljenije dijelove tijela. Osim navedenog, piše da je kostur mekan i posjeduje znatnu količinu hrskavičnog tkiva; ligamenti su izrazito slabi, mišićna masa u odnosu na tijelo je gotovo neznatna i u konačnici visina i masa tijela se brzo mijenjaju, što utječe na niz motoričkih sposobnosti, posebice na koordinaciju. Djeca predškolske dobi puno vremena provode u ustanovama za rani i predškolski odgoj, stoga je krucijalno da odgajatelji budu upoznati sa anatomijom i fazama razvoja ljudskog tijela, a posebice djece predškolske dobi. Odgajatelji trebaju prilagoditi tjelesne aktivnosti djeci, a ne djecu tjelesnim aktivnostima. Postupnim svladavanjem vježbi, razvijaju se motoričke sposobnosti, a ponajviše koordinacija. Djeca predškolske dobi nisu u dovoljnoj mjeri sposobna pratiti pravila ekipnih sportova, stoga se treba posvetiti izvođenju onih vježbi koji će im pomoći u kasnijim fazama razvoja. Prskalo i Sporiš (2016) pišu da bi se tjelesna aktivnost trebala prepoznati kao temeljna komponenta javno zdravstvenog djelovanja. Osim navedenog, Prskalo i Sporiš (2016) navode da tjelesna aktivnost ima preventivni i sanogeni učinak na nastanak niza važnih specifičnih poremećaja zdravlja, kao što su metabolički sindrom, važnije srčano-žilne bolesti i osteoporoza. Kod djece se treba razviti navika vježbanja, odnosno djeci ranog i predškolskog razdoblja treba ukazati na važnost kretanja i kinezioloških aktivnosti uopće, kako bi se razvili u zdrave pojedince.

Abstract (english)

Experts who are being educated in the field of upbringing and education need to be aware of stages, i. e., phases of motor development in children and people in general. Educators need to bring their focus on psychomotor development of children, which is extremely easy to change and extremely fast in preschool phase. It is important to come up with a right plan and program of kinesiological activities that would be shaped by children’s physical abilities, to have a right growth and development. Petrić (2019) writes that motor development shows that children first start to control body parts that are nearer to the spine, and later they learn how to control other body parts. Besides that, the author writes that the skeleton is soft and contains a high amount of cartilage tissue; ligaments are extremely weak; muscle mass is almost non-existent in comparison to the whole body, and in conclusion heigh and mass of the body changes rapidly, which influences motor movements, especially coordination. Preschool children spend a lot of time in institutions for early and preschool upbringing, therefore it’s crucial for educators to know anatomy and phases of development of the human body, especially children. Educators should adapt physical activities to children, not children to physical activities. While mastering some activities, motor abilities are being developed, coordination especially. Preschool children are not capable enough to follow the rules of team sports, so it should be focused on doing those exercises which will be of help in later phases of development. Prskalo & Sporiš (2016) write that physical activity should be recognized as a main component of public health relations. Moreover, Prskalo & Sporiš (2016) write that physical activity has preventive and sanogen effect on development of several specific health related problems, like metabolic syndrome, risky heart diseases and osteoporosis. One should teach children the healthy habit of working out, i. e., one should teach preschool children the importance of moving and kinesiological activities in general, so they can develop into healthy individuals.

• Keywords: tjelesna i zdravstvena kultura; djeca; škola; zdravlje
• Keywords (english): Physical and Health Education; children; school; health.
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:147:053425
• Study programme: Title: Graduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja (magistar/magistra ranog i predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-07-17 08:17:45