| Sažetak | Poremećaj aktivnosti i pažnje jedan je od najučestalijih dječjih poremećaja u razvoju. To je kognitivni i bihevioralni poremećaj koji karakterizira povećana hiperaktivnost, nepažnja te impulzivnost. O njemu ovisi kvaliteta života, svakodnevno funkcioniranje i konstantno je prisutan u dječjoj dobi. Dijete kojem je dijagnosticiran poremećaj aktivnosti i pažnje ne može mirno sjediti, nemirno je, stalno se mora kretati, teško se koncentrira, udara drugu djecu, teško kontrolira nagone, impulzivno je. Djecu koju karakteriziraju ovakvi oblici ponašanja ljudi često se nazivaju zločestima, problematičnima i lošima.
Iako su djeca s poremećajem aktivnosti i pažnje vrlo inteligentna te izrazito nadarena njihovo ne savršeno funkcioniranje stvara probleme u socijalnoj integraciji. Da se izbjegne potpuna socijalna izolacija djeteta, potrebno je na temelju konkretnih simptoma postaviti dijagnozu te otkriti poremećaj. Uzrok poremećaja još nije otkriven, ali je poznata isprepletenost različitih tipova rizičnih ponašanja (organskih, bioloških, psihosocijalnih). Posebno je važna kvalitetna edukacija roditelja, odgojitelja i okoline o poremećaju aktivnosti i pažnje kako bi se omogućilo što bolje razumijevanje djeteta. Ignoriranje poremećaja kao i izostanak optimalnog liječenja ima razarajuće posljedice za djetetov razvoj, obrazovanje i formiranje u zdravo društveno biće. Vodeći računa o djetetovim snagama i slabostima te osiguravanjem adekvatne pomoći obitelj, odgojitelji i stručnjaci mogu zajedno osigurati da dijete s poremećajem aktivnosti i pažnje postane svjesno svih svojih potencijala i da bude u mogućnosti voditi sretan i uspješan život. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common developmental disorders in children. It is a cognitive and behavioural disorder characterized by increased hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. It affects the quality of life, day to day functioning, and is constantly present at young age. Children diagnosed with ADHD cannot sit still, they are fidgety, have to move all the time, have a hard time concentrating, hit other children, and it is hard for them to control their impulses. Children characterized by these forms of behaviour are often called „naughty, problem children or bad children. “
Even though children with ADHD are highly intelligent and often gifted, their imperfect functioning is a cause of problems in social integration. In order to avoid complete social isolation of the child, it is necessary to follow, diagnose, and detect the disorder based on the child’s specific symptoms. The cause of the disorder is still not completely discovered, but we recognize that a number of risky behaviours (organic, biological and psychosocial) are intertwined. What is especially important is quality education of parents, educators, and other people in the child's environment about the disorder, in order to enable better understanding of the child. Ignoring the disorder, as well as lack of optimal treatment, has devastating consequences for the child's development, education and forming into a healthy social being. By taking into account the child’s strengths and weaknesses, and providing appropriate help to their family, educators and experts can ensure that the child with ADHD becomes aware of all of their potentials, and is able to lead a happy and successful life. |
