| Sažetak | Doba najranijeg djetinjstva obilježeno je povećanom osjetljivošću organizma na različite patogene i uzročnike bolesti, stoga su respiratorne infekcije u dojenačkoj dobi česte. Infekcije dišnih putova uzrokuju uzročnici poput virusa, bakterija i ostalih mokroplazama, no najčešći uzročnici su virusi poput respiratornog sincicijskog virusa, adenovirusa i rinovirusa. Od bakterijskih uzročnika u radu će se spomenuti Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes i Moraxella catarrhalis. Djeca koja pohađaju dječje kolektive mogu preboljeti ove infekcije oko 10 puta godišnje. Akutne respiratorne infekcije dijelimo na infekcije gornjeg i donjeg respiratornog sustava. U bolesti gornjih dišnih putova zahvaćaju grlo, nos, krajnike, dušnik, paranazalne sinuse i srednje uho te u njih ubrajamo hunjavicu, akutni adenoiditis, paranazalni sinusitis, tonzilofaringitis, akutnu upalu srednjeg uha i sindrom krupa. Infekcije donjeg dišnog sustava zahvaćaju bronhe, bronhiole i alveole, a bolesti ovih organa su traheobronhitis, bronhitis, bronhiolitis i upala pluća. Bolestima donjih dišnih putova često prethode infekcije gornjih dišnih putova pa se simptomi bolesti postupno pogoršavaju. Najčešće simptomi respiratornih bolesti započinju suhim kašljem, začepljenim nosom i slabijim apetitom te, ukoliko se bolest probiri na donji dio respiratornog sustava, može doći do tahipneje, dispneje i cijanoze. Bolesti respiratornog sustava češće su zimi zbog boravka u malim zagušljivim prostorima u kojima se bolesti lakše šire kapljičnim putem i izravnim dodirom. U ovome radu objašnjene su bolesti respiratornog sustava u djece jasličke dobi, njihovi uzročnici, kao i njihovo liječenje i prevencija s naglaskom na ulogu jaslica. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Early childhood is marked by increased body sensitivity to various pathogens and diseasecausing agents, making respiratory infections very common in infancy. Respiratory tract infections are caused by many agents such as viruses, bacteria, and mycoplasmas, but we most often encounter viral agents such as respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus. Among bacterial agents, this paper will mention Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Children attending daycare can suffer from these types of infections up to 10 times a year. Acute respiratory infections are divided into infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Diseases of the upper respiratory tract include the common cold, acute adenoiditis, paranasal sinusitis, tonsillopharyngitis, acute otitis media, and croup syndrome, affecting the throat, nose, tonsils, trachea, sinuses, and middle ear. Lower respiratory tract infections affect the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, and diseases of these organs include tracheobronchitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. Lower respiratory tract diseases are often preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, so the symptoms of the disease gradually worsen. Symptoms usually start with a dry cough, nasal congestion, and reduced appetite, and if the disease spreads to the lower respiratory tract, it can lead to tachypnea, dyspnea, and cyanosis. Respiratory diseases are more common in winter due to staying in small, stuffy spaces, where the diseases spread through droplets and direct contact. This paper explains respiratory diseases in daycare-aged children, their causes, as well as their treatment and prevention, with an emphasis on the role of daycare centers. |
