| Sažetak | Cilj ovoga rada jest prikazati motoričke sposobnosti koje se razvijaju klizanjem, osnovne elemente škole klizanja, kao i objasniti adekvatne metodike učenja osnovnih elemenata klizanja koristeći se raznim vježbama i igrama na ledu. U svrhu izrade rada korištena je domaća i inozemna literatura uz konkretna iskustva u radu u programu škole klizanja u Zagrebu. Polazište rada je klizanje kao sport koji obuhvaća umjetničko klizanje, sinkronizirano klizanje, brzo klizanje, brzo klizanje na kratkim stazama i hokej na ledu. Ovaj rad usmjeren je na umjetničko klizanje u okviru programa škole klizanja za djecu predškolske dobi. Škola klizanja objašnjena je s aspekta organizacije, programa, odgojno-obrazovnog pristupa te učinka klizanja na djecu predškolske dobi. U radu su objašnjene vježbe na ledu i izvan leda za razvoj sljedećih motoričkih sposobnosti: snaga, brzina, izdržljivost, ravnoteža, koordinacija i fleksibilnost. Prikazani su osnovni elementi škole klizanja: osnovni elementi kretanja na ledu, osnovni ravnotežni položaji, osnovne promjene smjera kretanja, osnovni koraci i osnovne piruete. Glavni dio rada odnosi se na metodiku učenja tih osnovnih elemenata klizanja i igre na ledu. Razrađena je metodika učenja osnovnih elemenata klizanja za djecu predškolske dobi koja uključuje: puzanje, padanje i dizanje, odraze, zaustavljanje, čučanj, elemente ravnoteže, elemente „ribice“ i „slalomi“ te klizanje unazad. Igre na ledu dijele se na elementarne i štafetne igre. Od elementarnih igara objašnjene su: „Crna kraljica, 1, 2, 3!“, „Vuk i ovce“, „Ledena baba“, „Lovice“ i „Slušaj signal“. Štafetne igre prikazane su kroz sljedeće igre: „Slalom oko čunjeva“, „Tko prvi do čunja“ i „Tko prvi“. Gledajući brojne pozitivne učinke klizanja na razvoj djece može se zaključiti kako je predškolska dob upravo najpogodnija za početke bavljenja klizanjem. Stoga je važno adekvatnom metodom učenja elemenata približiti djeci kretanje na ledu te ih poučiti s osnovnim elementima klizanja. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The aim of this paper is to present motor skills developed through skating and basic skating school elements, as well as to explain adequate methods for learning and teaching basic skating elements by using diverse exercises and games on ice. For the purpose of this paper used were domestic and international literature sources along with practical experience gathered while working in the Skating School in Zagreb. The starting point of this paper is skating as a sport that includes figure skating, synchronised skating, speed skating, short track speed skating and ice hockey. This paper is focused on figure skating in the framework of skating school programme for pre-school children. The skating school is explained in terms of its organisation, programme, educational approach and the effect of skating on pre-school children. The paper explains exercises on and off ice aimed at developing the following motor skills: strength, speed, endurance, balance, coordination and flexibility. Presented are the basic skating school elements: basic moves on ice, basic balance positions, basic changes in movement direction, basic steps and basic pirouettes. The main part of the paper is devoted to the methods for learning and teaching these basic skating elements, as well as to games on ice. Elaborated is the methodology of learning and teaching basic skating elements for pre-school children, which include crawling, falling and getting up, verticals, stopping, crouches, and balance elements, the elements of “little fish” and “slaloms”, as well as skating backward. Games on ice can be divided into elementary and relay games. From the elementary games explained are “Black Queen 1, 2, 3!”¨, “Wolf and Sheep”, “Frozen Gramma”, “Tag” and “Listen to the Signal”. Relay games are outlined through the following games: “Skating Cones Slalom”, “The First One to the Cone” and “Who Comes First”. Given numerous positive effects of skating on children, it can be concluded that the pre-school age is the most appropriate age to start with ice-skating. Therefore, it is important to use adequate methods to familiarise children with moving on ice and to teach them basic skating elements. |
