Title Art terapija i primjena u radu s djecom rane i predškolske dobi Title (english) Art therapy and application in working with children of early and preschool age Author Stela Javorček Mentor Marijana Županić Benić (mentor)Committee member Antonija Balić-Šimrak (predsjednik povjerenstva)Committee member Marijana Županić Benić (član povjerenstva)Committee member Adrijana Višnjić-Jevtić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-09-11, Croatia Scientific / art field, FIELD OF ART Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific / art field, SOCIAL SCIENCES Abstract Završni rad pod nazivom ˝Art terapija i primjena u radu s djecom rane i predškolske dobi˝ započinje teorijskim postavkama art terapije. Prema definiciji spada pod skupinu terapija umjetnošću u koju još spadaju i glazbena terapija, dramaterapija, te terapija plesom i pokretom. Psihološki je proces u kojemu se čovjek likovno izražava. U povijesti se vjerovalo da se kroz pjesme, pokret i priče ljudi riješavaju negativne energije. Umjetnost se uvijek odvajala od psihijatrije, no danas se vidi napredak u shvaćanju njihove povezanosti. Spominju se mnogi psiholozi koji ističu njihovu povezanost te se vidi razvoj shvaćanja i primjene art terapije kroz povijest. Jedni od njih su psihijatar Hans Prinzorhn, Edward Adamson, hrvatski poznati psiholog Branko Pražić, Martina Kosec, umjetnik Adrian Hill, psihijatrica Margaret Naumburg, osnivač psihoanalize Sigmund Freud. Primjena art terapije u dječjim vrtićima polazi od pretpostavke da odgojitelji nisu terapeuti, ali mogu provoditi elemente art terapije te tako pozitivno utjecati na cjelokupan razvoj djeteta. Objašnjavaju se faze dječjeg likovnog razvoja, metode i tehnike likovnog stvaralaštva kao temeljne spoznaje koje odgojitelji prate tijekom djetetovog likovnog razvoja. Nadalje, nastoji se objasniti da je svatko na svoj način kreativan te se zato dječji crtež kao produkt kreativnosti ne može u potpunostianalizirati samo prema okvirnim kriterijima. Ostatak rada posvjećuje se metodi crtanja fraktala i njezinoj primjeni s djecom. Fraktali se ukratko mogu shvatiti kao prirodne udružene pravilnosti i nepravilnosti oko nas te nastaju izvedbom testnog crteža temeljenog na fraktalnog metodi. Metodu je otkrila Tanzilija Zakirovna Polujahtova koja je inspirirala mnoge da se bave art terapijom i provode njezine dijelove. Detalji se očituju u daljnjem objašnjenju karakteristika boja, crta i polja fraktalnog crteža. Primjena metode i provođenje elemenata art terapije se pokazuje kao utjecajno za djecu s emocionalnim poteškoćama, poteškoćama u komunikaciji i socijalizaciji, djecu koja se osjećaju neprihvaćenima, drugačijima, djecu koja su doživjela traumatska iskustva ili probleme u obitelji, uplašena i anksiozna djeca. Razni problemi se mogu ublažiti i riješiti art terapijom, stoga je cilj rada istaknuti važnost provođenja likovnih aktivnosti i spoznaja o art terapiji u svrhu boljeg razumijevanja svakog pojedinca i poboljšanja čovjekovog zdravlja.
Abstract (english) ˝Art therapy and its use in working with children of early and preschool age˝ thesis starts with the theoretical background of art therapy. The definition suggests that art therapy is a part of a group of art therapies that also include music therapy, drama therapy, and dance and movement therapy. It is a psychological process in which a person produces art. Throughout history it has been thought that people can get rid of negative energy through songs, movement and stories. Art has always been separated from psychiatry, but nowadays, we can see a huge shift in understanding their connection. A lot of psychologists who highlight that connection have been mentioned, and we can also follow the development of understanding and using art therapy throughout history. One of the psychiatrists mentioned in the thesis is Hans Prinzorhn, then Edward Adamson, a known Croatian psychologist Branko Prazic, Martina Kosec, artist Adrian Hill, psychiatrist Margaret Naumburg, and the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud. The use of art therapy in kindergartens starts with the assumption that the kindergarten teachers are not therapists, but that they can conduct elements of art therapy in their work and thus have a positive impact on the overall development of the child. The thesis explains different phases of the child’s visual artistic development and the methods and techniques of visual creation as the basic understandings which the educators follow through the child’s artistic development. Furthermore, the thesis suggests that everyone is creative in their own unique way which is why a child’s drawing as a product of creativity cannot be analysed only by a rough framework of criteria. The rest of the thesis is focused on the fractal drawing method and its use in working with children. The fractals can briefly be described as natural joint regularities and irregularities around us and are created by making a test drawing based on the fractal method. The method was discovered by Tanzilija Zakirovna Polujahtova who inspired many to include art therapy in their work. The details are shown in the description of characteristics of colours, lines and areas of fractal drawing. The use of fractal drawing method and its elements has shown to be very effective for children with emotional difficulties, children with communication and socialization problems, those who do not feel accepted among their peers or who feel different, children who went through a traumatic experience or have problems in the family, as well as scared and anxious children. Various problems can be minimised or solved with art therapy, which is why the goal of this thesis is to emphasize the importance of conducting activities that include art as well as developing the understanding of art therapy in order to better understand each individual and to improve their health.
Keywords
art terapija
art terapija u dječjem vrtiću
kreativnost
dječji crtež
metoda crtanja fraktala
emocionalne poteškoće
Keywords (english)
art therapy
art therapy in kindergarten
creativity
child’s drawing
fractal drawing method
emotional difficulties
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:147:857740 Study programme Title: Undergraduate University Study of Early and Preschool Education Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2021-09-28 09:01:09
