| Sažetak | Frédéric François Chopin, poljski Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, rođen je 1. ožujka 1810. godine u Želazowa Wola. Nedugo nakon Fryderykovog rođenja, obitelj seli u Varšavu gdje se njegov otac zapošljava u Varšavskoj gimnaziji. Veliku nadarenost na području glazbe pokazuje od malih nogu, preciznije već od sedme godine kada sklada prvu skladbu, Poloneza u g- molu, koju je napisao uz pomoć sestre Ludwike i učitelja klavira, a nastale su po uzoru na poljske skladatelje Kurpinskog i Oginskog. Godine 1830. odlazi iz Poljske te godinu dana provodi po raznim europskim gradovima. U Parizu se nastanjuje 1830. godine gdje vrijeme provodi svirajući u pariškim salonima u kojima ga slušaju svi veliki skladatelji toga doba. U Parizu upoznaje George Sand s kojom se upušta u vezu. Frederic i George provode svoje vrijeme u njezinoj kući u Nohantu u kojoj je i stvorio većinu svojih velikih skladbi. Prekida sa Sandovom nakon sedam godina veze, ubrzo nakon toga bolestan od sušice i oslabljen tijekom koncertne turneje po Engleskoj i Škotskoj, Chopin se vratio u Pariz gdje je umro 1849. godine. Chopinov opus obuhvaća pedeset i sedam mazurki, dvadeset i sedam etida, dvadeset i šest preludija, devetnaest nocturna, devetnaest solo pjesama, sedamnaest poloneza, četrnaest valcera, četiri scherza, četiri balade, dvije glasovite klavirske sonate i dva klavirska koncerta. Klavir je bio Chopinov najvjerniji i najpostojaniji suputnik. Pretvorio ga je u medij koji mu je bio potreban da izrazi svoje unutarnje patnje i razdiranja, a rezultat pokazuje da klavir ne zaostaje za orkestrom u sposobnosti pobuđivanja fantazije, drame i osjećaja. Djetinjstvo, kontakt s nasljedstvom poljskog folklora i domoljubne epske poezije, njegovo iskustvo u
aristokratskim salonima, patnje njegovih osobnih odnosa, položaj izgnanog domoljuba, sve to je utjecalo na Chopinovo iskustvo koje predstavlja ne samo podrijetlo njegovog izražaja već je formiralo njegov glazbeni jezik i odredilo glazbene forme koje je taj izražaj oblikovao. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Frédéric François Chopin, Polish Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, was born on March 1, 1810 in Zelazowa Wola. Shortly after Fryderyks birth, he moved with his family to Warsaw where his father started working at the Warsaw High School. Fryderyk showed a great talent in music since childhood, precisely from the age of seven. The first composition which he wrote was a Polonaise in G-minor, written with the help of his sister Ludwika and piano teacher at the time. Young Fryderyk in his first composition was inspired by Polish composers Kurpinski and Oginski. In 1829, he left Poland and spent a year in various European cities performing. Chopin settled in Paris in 1830 and spent his time performing in the Parisian salons. In Paris he met George Sand with whom he started a romantic relationship. Frederic and George spend their time in her country house in Nohant where Chopin composed most of his famous compositions. They ended their relationship after seven years. Not long after the end of his relationship with George and after touring around England and Scotland, he went back to Paris where he died in 1849. Chopin's opus includes fifty-seven mazurkas, twenty-seven etudes, twenty six preludes, nineteen nocturnes, nineteen solo songs, seventeen polonaises, fourteen waltzes, four scherzos, four ballads, two famous piano sonatas and two piano concertos. The piano was Chopin's truest and most stable companion. He turned it into a medium that he needed to express his inner suffering and breaking, and the result shows that the piano is not behind the orchestra in the ability to induce fantasy, drama and emotion. His childhood, contact with his heritage of Polish folklore and patriotic epic poetry, his experience in the aristocratic salons, suffering and his personal relationships, all of that has affected Chopins experience which is not only the origin of his expressions but it has formed his musical language and ordered his music form. |
